Study Of The Types And Function Of The Rural Science And Technology Test Demonstration Base

Rural science and technology test demonstration base (RSTTDB) played an irreplaceable role on transforming traditional agriculture and developing agricultural modernization. It is the bridge of the agricultural scientific and technical result that leads to agricultural production. Shaanxi Province RSTTDB make remarkable effect of promoting the development of agriculture and rural economy. But so far as its development, a series of questions have been existed, such as planning arrangements were unreasonable, the organizing ways were single, operating mechanism was not flexible enough, the optimized management modes were lacked, the combination involving production, education, research was not closed, etc.. It's significant to probe into and solve these problems. It will make RSTTDB to develop continuously healthily, promote the scientific and technical result transformation, improve rural scientific and technological level, strengthen agricultural quality, tackle agricultural internationalization and the challenge of economic globalization. This paper gave a systematic research on Shaanxi RSTTDB through system investigations and analyse with really examples. It's making deep operating summary, study and promoting in classification divide, management mode and mechanism on the basis of analysing problems that existing in RSTTDB. Take some ideas and policy recommendations for developing Shaanxi Province RSTTDB. 1.Have summed up and put forward the concept and function of the STTB. It's be regarded as solving the technological problems of agriculture and rural economy development, improving peasants' scientific and cultural qualities, promoting the scientific and technical result transformed to use, etc. in the certain area. It's built up with government, scientific institute, extension services, agricultural enterprise, rural Economic Cooperation Organization, etc. It's independence on the scientific and technological activities platform of test, demonstration, train, propagate, advisory service of agricultural scientific and technical result or modern management mode. This structure include four levels(production, education, research and extension)and ten kinds of functions. 2.Summarized the development course of RSTTDB of China. Agricultural technology demonstrate can trace back to the farming season that Shennong teach cereals way in China. In period of Western Han Dynasty, there were already the embryonic form of the RSTTDB .In period Kangxi Qing Dynasty, the agricultural experiments and demonstrations have been already formed certain scientific procedure. After new China establish, especially since the reform and opening-up, RSTTDB received unprecedented development in the whole country. In addition, this paper overviewed and analysed the RSTTDB development of US., Japan etc. also. 3.This paper studied the real example material of Shaanxi Province apple science and technology test demonstration base, Changwu testing and demonstration base of the representative comprehensive agricultural science and technology, Lingtiao Pucheng county high-efficient agricultural science and technology demonstration garden survey. Then put forward that RSTTDB played important function in promoting the rural economy , ecology and society of Shaanxi Province. 4. It has analysed and summarized the operational mode and divided the type of RSTTDB of Shaanxi Province. Regard:The operational mode of government's leading is mainly"government + institute+ peasant household", "government + enterprise + institute + peasant household","expert base",etc..The funds of this type that mainly come from state finance allocate undertaking, the government charged for on macro-management. The operational mode of institute leading is"institute+ the base+ peasant household ","institute +enterprise+ peasant household",etc.. The funds of this type that mainly come from government project funds, extra earning, agriculture-related enterprise contribution etc.. This type regarded government as guiding, institute as the leading factor, the management mode which the agriculture-related enterprise , specialized household participate in extensively; Enterprise leading type is investing and managing by enterprises, the experts offers high-new technological achievement and technology service, becoming a shareholder with technology etc. makes up the interests community. It wored with implement commercialized management, independent management, separate accounts, assuming sole responsibility for its profits or losses, its operational mode is " enterprise+ expert+ peasant "," enterprise+ the base+ peasant household ". Rural Economic Cooperation Organization leading type set up by various kinds of folk association or technological research association of countryside, relying mainly on peasant, the general operational mode is " rural Economic Cooperation Organization +scientific and technical personnel+ peasant household ". 5. This paper appraised and analysed the development of Shaanxi RSTTDB. On this foundation, some advices are proposed by the author to develop the Shaanxi RSTTDB. These ideas include construct the network system, play the government function sufficiently, strengthen the structural reform of science and technology, take good use of education and research units'function in the construction and etc..