The Study Of An Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol Based On Geographical Information For Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensor networks comprise large number of sensor nodes densely located in an area for sensing purposes.A key consideration in sensor networks is that the sensor nodes have limited battery resources and is non-replenished in some of the applications. Consequently, energy efficiency is an important design consideration for the routing protocols as it affects the network lifetime.This thesis specially focused on how to reduce the energy consumption and prolong the lifecycle of WSN while keep the main function of routing protocols.The design of efficient routing protocol can dramatically reduce the energy usage of WSN. The author analyzed and compared some routing protocols including proactive routing protocols, reactive routing protocols and geographical information based routing protocols.The geographic information based routing protocols had such features marked by easily implementation, effective utilization of energy and quick dependence, and it had become the primary research area currently. GEAR and GPSR, which performance still not yet much better, were typical representation of geographic routing protocols. Therefore, this thesis put forward a routing algorithm which combined node's geographical information, energy status and mode-GEER (Geographical and Energy-efficient Routing).In GEER, every node kept and maintained a table which called neighborhood nodes table. Anytime when a node choused the next node to relay the packet, the node just generated a random probability and pick the corresponding node from the table. Furthermore, GEER adapted a different way which going around before facing it to avoid the communication holes.GEER took full advantage of the geographical information without paying extra price. Compared with GEAR, GEER has a nether more implemented complexity, lower energy consumption and longer network lifecycle.This thesis implemented the proposed algorithm GEER in NS2. Simulation scenes were fifty nodes deployed in 100m*100m area,100 nodes deployed in 100m*100m area and 150 nodes deployed in 200m*200m area. Simulation shows proposed protocol GEER had much less energy consumption and longer network lifecycle than GEAR.