The Research On Cluster-based Routing Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks

The wireless sensor network which integrates the four major techniques of sensor, embedded computing, network and wireless communication is a brand-new information acquiring and processing technique. As a new-type wireless network without infrastructure, it can cooperatively and real-time monitor, sense, acquire and process information of various environments, then send information to sink through wireless communication. Wireless sensor network has features in fast deployment, strong survivability and no need of fixed network support, so it has a very broad application prospect. This new technique has attracted high attention of academic and industry communities.This thesis researched on routing protocol of wireless sensor networks. Since wireless sensor networks has a huge number of nodes but extreme limited resources of a single node, its routing protocol design mainly targets for effective energy conservation and prolonging network life circle. Based on the analysis and comparison of several existing classic routing protocols of wireless sensor networks, the thesis puts forward an algorithm and a protocol. The GCR (Geography-Based Clustering Routing) algorithm put forward in this thesis is a cluster algorithm based on cell partition with given wireless sensor networks geographical information. The new cluster head is completely determined by the original cluster head, so it can reduce energy consumption caused by frequent cluster head election. It's characteristic is that communication and computational overhead are very little and it can implement the reconstruction of cluster, it's especially applicable to static wireless sensor networks application such as data acquisition and monitor etc. Based on the geography-based clustering routing algorithm a cell-based dynamic multi-hop routing protocol CDMR (Cell-based Dynamic Multi-hop Routing) is put forward for wireless sensor network in this thesis. As nodes in cluster transmit data to cluster head via chain communication, it can effectively reduce energy consumption and propagation delay, for the inter-cluster communication, cluster heads transmit their data to the sink via multi-hop by routing-table established. In this way the protocol can avoid imbalanced energy consumption among cluster heads.In order to validate the superiority of the CDMR protocol we simulate it with OPNET software, the result proves that CDMR protocol effectively balanced energy consumption of nodes, and significantly prolonged survival time of the network.