The Research And Application On Power-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol (PECRP) In Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a kind of network made up of mass sensor nodes which are with special functions and can organize by themselves (e.g., pulse, temperature, humidity, pressure and so on).The nodes may communicate with each other, and achieve exceptive tasks together. In WSN, sensor nodes may build a self-organized and self-managed network quickly without any help of other basic establishments at any time everywhere, which is very useful. And next, because the sensor nodes of WSN are provided energy by batteries and the data transmission is frequent, the energy consumption is large and obvious. Therefore, to design a kind of routing protocol which may prolong the network lifetime, enhance the connections towards nodes, and reduce the energy consumption is necessary to the development of WSN.This dissertation summarizes a few of routing protocols, for example, SPIN, LEACH, and HEED, and analyses their advantages and disadvantages, which are about the lifetime of WSN, energy dissipation and applications. Based on this, the dissertation proposes a new type of routing protocol of WSN called Power-efficient Clustering Routing Protocol (PECRP).PECRP is a kind of administrative routing protocol, and belongs to clustering routing protocol. Its purpose is to reduce computing and communications towards sensor nodes, which caters to the requests to WSN nowadays. PECRP is suitable to long distance, complex data-transmission, and for the fixed nodes of WSN. The main characteristics of PECRP are power-efficient, balancing energy in nodes, and clustering. It combines the advantages of some excellent clustering routing protocols, such as HEED, PEGASIS and so on together. It improves the mechanism in electing the cluster heads (CH) of LEACH, and elects the more appropriate nodes to be CH through the residual energy and the distance to Base Station (BS), which prolongs the lifetime of WSN obviously. The infections of residual energy and the distance to BS can be measure based on the fact. In data transmission; PECRP uses uneven clustering multi-hop type that is circle domino offect based on distance to BS to balance the energy consumption in nodes. Moreover, this dissertation proves the rationality that multi-hop can prolong the lifetime of WSN in narrow sense situation based on mathematical proofs. PECRP screens some disadvantages in other traditional routing protocols. The simulations show that PECRP has better performances than LEACH in prolonging lifetime and transmitting data under the symmetrical distribution of nodes in WSN.Based on the research of routing protocol, this dissertation also designs the circuit of sensor nodes suit to PECRP. The design can be divided into processor module, wireless communications module, and sensor module. The chips that are used include ATmega128, CC2431, SHT11 and so on.