| Rapid development of sensor technology, micro-electromechanical systems, wireless communications and low-power embedded technology is pregnant with Wireless Sensor Network(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN), and WSN has brought a revolution of information perception because of its characteristics of distribution and self-organization.Wireless sensor network is a new platform of obtaining information ,and is composed of a large number of tiny sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring region to form a multi-hop ad hoc networks through wireless communication. Real-time monitoring and collecting information on a variety of test objects in the network distribution region and senting the information to the sink node in order to achieve a specified range of complex monitoring and tracking of targets make it broad application prospects.Sensor nodes are mostly battery-powered,and generally difficult to replace. Nodes'failure is often caused by energy depletion in WSN.Energy restrictions of nodes has been an obstacle to the further development of wireless sensor network severely. The primary problem faced is how to reduce energy consumption and prolong the lifetime of network.The design of routing algorithm is also faced with many challenges because of the limitations of energy.The main aim of designing routing algorithm is to reduce the energy consumption of each sensor node and make the energy consumption distribute uniformly, in order to enhance the working life of each node, as well as the entire network.In this paper, we propose a balanced energy consumption routing algorithm based on the characteristics of energy heterogeneity after careful analysis of characteristics of wireless sensor network and existing routing algorithms. Main tasks are as follows:(1) We make a simple analysis on energy effectiveness of network under different modes of communication on the basis of the nodes having the same initial energy in wireless sensor network.(2) A simple classification about heterogeneous wireless sensor network is presented, and the energy heterogeneity wireless sensor network and work of researchers in this field are introduced and summarized(3) The topology model of network is designed based on heterogeneous concept, and nodes send data to the sink node in the way of multi-hop forwarding.For sensor nodes which are closer to the sink node may be dead ahead of other nodes due to assuming too much data forwarding task, different initial energy configuration for nodes is adopted: the sensor nodes which are closer to the convergence node are deployed more energy.(4) We analyse the energy consumption efficiency of network and prove that nodes can achieve balanced energy consumption by adopting the energy heterogeneity strategy and derived the relationship of initial energy under the optimal power efficiency by combining energy heterogeneity with routing algorithm(5) Based on the Matlab simulation environment, three aspects of network lifetime, node's residual energy and residual energy rate of network are analyzed and compared ,and also the heterogeneous strategy and isomorphic strategy. Experiments show that when the network lifetime finished, node's residual energy of heterogeneous strategy is very few and the residual energy rate of network is low.Simulations proved the efficiency of the energy-heterogeneity algorithm,the whole nodes of the netwok can use their energy effectively and achieve a balanced energy consumption. |
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