Research And Simulation Of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network Energy-balanced Routing Algorithm

As a new data collection technology, WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) has a broad application prospect. WSN is widely used in environmental monitoring, health care, disaster relief, smart home, urban transport, space exploration and other fields. WSN is composed of a large number of sensor nodes which are distributed in the monitoring area. WSN forms a network system through self-organization and multi-hop. WSN timely delivers the collected information to the owner of the network. Sensor nodes’ computing power and storage capacity are weak, and sensor nodes carry limited energy. So WSN routing algorithms don’t copy the Internet routing algorithms or Ad Hoc routing algorithms, and the above constraints need to be considered to design a new routing algorithm. This thesis designs a heterogeneous WSN energy-balanced routing algorithm from the following aspects.1. WSN’s architectures, main features, challenges, key technologies and application prospects are researched. WSN’s several common topologies are summarized. WSN’s energy-efficient routing algorithm and energy-balanced routing algorithm advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.2. A new heterogeneous topology is designed. Because there is energy hole problem in WSN, sensor nodes which near the sink node need to deliver large amounts of data collected by sensor nodes which away from the sink node. This situation results in sensor nodes which near the sink node consume more energy and die prematurely, and causes the death of the entire WSN. In order to solve this problem, a new heterogeneous topology is designed. This topology deploys heterogeneous sensor nodes and ordinary sensor nodes in the monitoring area, so that the region which nears the sink node has more energy. By optimizing the number nodes, the coverage radius, the initial energy value and other parameters, all sensor nodes’ energy in WSN is exhausted at the same time, and energy hole problem is solved.3. On the basis of a new heterogeneous topology proposed in this thesis, an energy-balanced routing algorithm is designed. Through considering node type, node depth, residual energy and energy density, this algorithm finds different paths at each round of data transfer phase, thus solving network partition problem and prolonging the network lifespan. For routing loop and routing redundancy problems, this algorithm considers a mechanism which solves routing loop problem and relieves routing redundancy problem.4. By MATLAB simulation and computational analysis, the heterogeneous WSN energy-balanced routing algorithm’s network lifespan increases 149.9% and 73.8% compared with Mini-Hop routing algorithm and EBRP routing algorithm. The network delay and energy balance have also been improved in a corresponding degree.