Research On Load Balance Routing In Ad Hoc Networks

Ad hoc networks, also called wireless self-organized networks, are multi-hop real time autonomous systems which are formed by a set of mobile terminals with wireless transceiver. Independent of infrastructure and distributed control mechanism, nodes can move around randomly in the network. Communications between nodes rely on forwarding of intermediate nodes. Frequently random movement of nodes will result in time-varying characteristics of network topology. Therefore, routing algorithm is a key issue in the research of Ad hoc networks.Routing protocol focuses on the way of setting up path from source to destination andtransmitting information correctly along this path. In view of these features, routing protocols of Ad hoc networks are different from those of wired networks and center control wireless networks. Several points must be taken into account in the design of routing protocols, such as no center node, multi-hop, self-organized and energy constraint. Routing protocols have become the key points and challenges in the research of wireless self-organized networks protocol stack design.This thesis mainly research load balance technologies of routing protocols in Ad hoc networks, which can solve the congestion problem of routing protocols in traditional mobile self-organized networks. Firstly, the research status of load balance routing protocols of mobile Ad hoc networks is introduced. And analysis and comparison of different protocols are conducted. Then non-coordinated distributed scheduling mechanism of Ad hoc networks is presented. In such mechanism, interference signals caused by hidden terminal problem and exposed terminal problem will affect the transmission of packets, and furthermore, degrade the performance of the whole network. Based on above analysis, a new load balance routing strategy is presented, considering channel interference, which is caused by hidden terminal problem and exposed terminal problem, as node load. Thereby, link performance can be improved by avoiding the nodes which cause unexpected hidden terminal problem and exposed terminal problem in the routing selection of packets. Theo- retical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that this strategy can improve the quality of packets transmission, reduce delay and achieve load balance between nodes.In the end, a conclusion of the thesis is made and further research contents and directions are put forward.