Designing Segment-by-Segment Routing Protocol With Load Balancing Support In Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) are a multi-hop temporary autonomous system of mobile nodes equipped wireless transceivers. They are typically characterized by their multi-hop, with no-center, self-organization and mobility. Such convenience and fast to built, and unrestricted by the time and space, these networks have broad application prospects in military and civilian fields. It has been a hot research focus on current network research.In MANETs, the network bandwidth and node energy is limited, while most traditional routing protocols may result in some heavy-load nodes in the network. The heavy-load nodes may be the network bottlenecks due to the greater congestion or delay, leading to performance degradation. Therefore, in order to improve network performance and make full use of network transmission capacity, the load balancing problem should be considered in the design of routing protocol for MANETs so that the network can maintain a continuous, efficient and stable operationIn this thesis, we first make a survey of the recent works about load balancing routing protocols for MANETs. Then, we analyse and compare these load balancing routing protocols. Then aiming at present load balancing routing protocols, we integrate the segment-by-segment routing protocol and single-path load balancing technology and finally propose a segment-by-segment routing protocol with load balancing support in MANETs. In the proposed protocol, we introduce the concept of load center. We make every node in the network maintains a K-hops vicinity load information table according to which the node can determine whether itself is load center or not. Then we calculate the load of the nodes in the region around the load center and then construct virtual loops. Finally, we use the virtual loops to make routings decision to avoid the load center, realizing load balancing.The simulation studies show that the proposed protocol can enable the network load more evenly, reduce end-to-end delay, improve the success rate of packet transmission distributed and have better throughout compared to the previous protocols.