Energy-efficient Routing Algorithm For Sensor Networks

As a new technique of implementing ubiquitous computing, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used in many aspects in the coming future. However, several technologies related to WSNs are still explored, such as network routing protocol, energy management, data transmission security and reliability, etc. If they can be designed successfully and implemented effectively, WSNs will really be used in a wide range of applications in the military, health, commerce, education, environment etc., and their potential and great values can be produced and transformed into productivity. Therefore, it is most meaningful to make scientific researches on wireless sensor networks. In this paper, mainly focusing on routing technique in WSNs, some problems of designing WSNs' routing algorithm are discussed and several new routing algorithms are presented as follows:· Several WSNs' inherent characteristics are firstly described, which are different from traditional wireless networks like mobile ad hoc network (MANET) or cellular network. Then, design challenges for routing protocols in WSNs are outlined. Next, a comprehensive survey of different routing techniques is done and the advantages, disadvantages and performance issues of each routing techniques are also highlighted. Finally, some possible future research areas about WSNs' routing techniques are proposed in this paper.· In order to postpone system lifetime and enhance energy efficiency, an energy-efficient routing algorithm for WSNs, termed as Clustering Routing Algorithm using Multi-CHs-One-Cluster method (CRAM), is presented in this paper. This algorithm selects Multi-Cluster-Heads (Multi-CHs) in every cluster together as one cluster head to perform data fusion and data transmission to improve energy efficiency and enhance data transmission reliability, since one cluster-head in a cluster may be unreliable and cause energy losing in case of node failure. Detailed simulations of sensor network environments indicate that CRAM algorithm improves energyefficiency, balances energy consumption of all sensor nodes, enhances data transmission reliability of cluster-head and postpones network system lifetime in comparison to clustering routing algorithm using one-CH-one cluster method.? A new multi-hop routing algorithm (WDM algorithm, Weight-Directed based Multi-hop routing algorithm) to meet the requirements of the continuous application model is also proposed in this paper. This algorithm can transfer data quickly to goal sensor node using the directional information and RWVs (route weight value) of sensor nodes as well as balance energy consumption of all sensor nodes. Detailed simulations of sensor network environments indicate that this algorithm improves energy efficiency and proportions energy consumption of all sensor nodes to extend network system lifetime, and routes data quickly in comparison to the flooding algorithm.? An energy-efficient Event-Driven Clustering routing algorithm (for short, EDC algorithm) for WSNs is presented in this paper. The algorithm can make decisions about which nodes become cluster-head nodes according to the maximum remainder energy of nodes that have sensed one event occurred and first switch to active state if their several components are in sleeping state. This strategy can keep sensor nodes with lower remainder energy out of being used up quickly. Detailed simulations of sensor network environments demonstrate that EDC algorithm reduces energy consumption, prolongs system lifetime, and improves the evenness of dissipated network energy.