Study On Land Use And Landscape Pattern Based On RS And GIS In Liling City

In all research ways and means of modern ecology, landscape ecology is a newly intercross discipline to study interaction between spatial pattern and ecological processes and a new offset of macro-ecological researches. Climate, topography, rock and soil, vegetation and hydrology make up of landscape and are regarded as research object. After analyzing the distribution, formation and change of the landscape pattern, researchers can find various natural factors and human activities influence on them. The analysis of the landscape pattern is a very important method in landscape ecology research, through the analysis of the landscape pattern character in different periods of time, we can explore the interaction between pattern changes and ecological processes, which accordingly provide scientific basis to make use of landscape and adjust the ways and intensity of human activities. Moreover, the study of landscape pattern character can contribute to deeply understand the man-land relationship and effectively protect the biodiversity and natural resources. RS and GIS has became the important analysis means to reveal the landscape pattern character and its change rule. It has significant theoretical and practical value to study the spatial and time rule of landscape pattern by multi-object cooperation.Landscape pattern reflect the land use methods. Liling city is located in the east of Hunan province and the border section of Luoxiao mountain, and it had typical characteristics including natural environment, social economy and landscape pattern. So it is significant to study the characteristics of landscape pattern of Liling city, which could help reveal the spatial distribution rule of land use and landscape types. It also could provide theoretical conduction and scientific basis for land use classification planning and spatial pattern, ecological environment management and sustainable development of land resources in the middle-low hills of the central south.Based on the historical data and field survey, the paper took Liling city as an example to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of land use and landscape pattern and choose several landscape pattern indices (SHDI, D, E, FD, MSI, ED, et al) to study the total landscape pattern and landscape elements characteristics of the different landform, soil and agricultural planning regions. The results showed that: (1) All of the landscape types, forest was the matrix landscape with the biggest area in this region, which took account for 54.79% of the total area. (2)At the whole landscape level, the values of Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (H), evenness (E), dominance(D), contagion(C) of the study region were 1.3072, 0.6286, 1.6928, 0.8017 respectively. From the results of them, it indicated that Liling city was dominanted by minor landscape type and showed lower in degree of landscape heterogeneity. (3) The landscape spatial pattern was obviously influenced by the topography types in the study area, As the elevation increased, the landscape diversity and evenness index gradually decreased, while the dominance index showed the increasing tendency. The change range of landscape shape index and fractal dimension was significant in the different topographic regions, and there was simple shape in the high mountain areas. There was the highest corridor density index in low-hill and plain areas and the lowest in high mountain areas, the latter were dominated by forest with lower disturbance from human, so it had the property of lowest landscape fragmentation. (4) Red soil and paddy soil were the main soil types. According to the sequence of purple soil, paddy soil, red soil, alluvial soil and yellow soil, the landscape diversity and evenness index gradually decreased, while the dominance index showed the increasing tendency. The change range of landscape shape index was very small and fractal dimension was equal in the different soil type regions. There was the highest corridor density index in purple soil and paddy soil regions, which indicated the biggest fragmentation degree.(5) The cropland,edible oil land,forest land and grassland regions in the middle and low hills in the southwest had the biggest area in the different agricultural region planning. The landscape diversity and evenness index were relatively low, while the dominance index showed relatively high value. There was the highest corridor density index in the region of cropland,grassland,edible oil land and orchard land regions in the middle and low hills in the south. The road and river system corridor were the main reason and premise to result in landscape fragmentation.