| Modern archive materials in our country is voluminous, anfractuous, which attracted many history workers and lovers. The authenticity of the modern archive materials is one of their major researches. Chinese archive material plays an important part in modern history research, however, due to various historical reasons, some of archive materials were damaged, or lost, or even tampered with, it caused certain archive materials to lose their original value, and brought difficulties in making historical research, therefore, it is necessary to carry on the archive materials.The authentic research work of modern archive material is extensive, there are many history workers who made great achievements in the authenticity research on modern archive materials, and Luo Zhenyu is the exponent, he contributed a lot to the protection, collection, and appraisal of archive material. Fan Wenlan, Gu Jiegang, Liang Qichao, HuShi, Luo Ergang, Rong Mengyuan have also made achievements in their own field. These achievements are all about a certain history period or historical events, however, there are no systematical and complete surveys, and this paper is carrying on the problem.In the paper, the author made integrated surveys on history workers' research, summed up their accomplishments and the ways of their textual research, analyzed reasons and effect ions that caused the archive materials lacking of authenticity, proposed all-around methods for making authentic research on archive materials, which will be useful for further researches.The paper is divided into five parts. The first part has carried on the summary to the archive materials in our country, elaborated their feature, and made assumption in the collections about modern time archive materials and generalized the authentic researches since the founding of new China. It involves two Opium War, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom history, Westernization Movement, Sino-French war, Sino-Japanese War of 1894, the Reform Movement of 1898, Yihetuan Movement, 1911 Revolution, Republic of China time, and so on. The second part elaborated the archive material categories, analyzed four characteristics of the file historical data thoroughly, and canalized its value. The third part pointed out the two major distortionforms of modern archive materials are in form and content, so the authentic researchshould take the starting point by these two aspects. The fourth part is the main body ofthe paper, commencing from the aspect of "the counterfeit file" and "the filedistortion", analyzed reasons that caused distortion and the effect ions. The reasonsthat caused "counterfeit file" includes political deceit, frame someone. blackmails,relies on help the prestige, borrows the advantage in another name, is blinded by grain,seeks the wealth, does scholarly research not strictly, decides subjectively, the illegalorganization on the pretext of the legitimate organization issue document, counterfeitsreally and so on. The author made further discussion from the factor of subjective andobjective. The file distortion not only brings trouble for compiling history andresearching the historical files, but also made the archive materials oppugned, evenbrought the adverse effect in politics. The fifth part in view of the archive materialspresent situation, proposed some quite detailed research methods. It starts from thesituation of archive materials research, the goal, and the principle obtained, proposesan identify way by the exterior research, the internal research, taking adoptingdocumentary evidence , material evidence , testimony of a witness , interested partyprecise writer joining certificate law , circumstantial evidence , reason certificategiving first place to outside textual criticism , inside textual criticism combines eachother. |
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