Research On Clustering Hierarchical Routing Protocols Of Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are new technology developed in recent years. At first it was used to the military sphere, and today low-cost sensor nodes can be applied to space exploration, radiation monitoring, flood warning, farmland management, mobile target tracking, environmental monitoring, intelligent traffic and intelligent home. Wireless sensor networks integration of sensor technology, embedded technology and network communications technology, development work related has been included in the "Outline of the state medium - and long-term scientific and technological development program," WSN will be getting closer and closer to us.Wireless sensor networks are different from traditional communication technologies, what is studied here is how to optimize the network layer routing algorithm to reduce energy consumption. First the wireless sensor network architecture and basic characteristics are introduced, on the basis of which nodes energy issues and energy efficient technology are analyzed. Second existing routing protocols or algorithms are outlined and compared as the classification of plane, hierarchical as well as the position aided ones. Third based on a comprehensive analysis of cluster division, a new topology control algorithm named EDCC (an Effective Distributed Clustering Based on Connectivity) is put forward. The main idea of EDCC is to set an initial timer for each node, and whenever receiving a message, the timer is minus by a constant. While the timer reaches 0, the node becomes Cluster Head spontaneously. And the randomized initial time makes the algorithm not dependent on time synchronization. Thus a node with a bigger connectivity will become a Cluster Head more easily. In a word, efficiency, fast convergence and active clustering organization and maintenance are characteristics of the algorithm. Besides, experiment on the NS2 simulation platform and detailed analysis of the results show EDCC effective segmentation of the network. Finally, a new clustering hierarchical routing protocol composed of EDCC get together with multi-hop is developed on the platform of TinyOS operating system and Mica2 nodes and tests illustrate that the routing protocol works well.