Research On The Social Rescue System Of Impoverished Rural Population Of Our Country

Poverty is not only a concept of quantity, but also a concept of history. Generally speaking, with the development of society, the meaning and standard of poverty also changes. It also varies because of racial and cultural differences. Therefore, the meaning and standard of poverty must also reflect a specific nation'standard understanding of social welfare and basic human rights. We divide poverty into two types: absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute poverty is also called living poverty and it means under certain social mode of production, individuals or families can not meet the basic needs of an individual or a family and this threatens their lives. Relative poverty is made up of two parts: the first one is the poverty comes into being with the social development and the increasing standard of poverty; the second one comes into being when during the same period of time, different areas, social classes, and members of the same social class have different income.In the past 20 years the number of people who belong to the absolute poverty population in rural areas has decreased from 0.125billion in 1985 to 23.65 million in 2005, thus the number was decreased by 0.1 billion. Meanwhile, the rate of absolute poverty in rural areas decreases from 14.8% to 2.5%. At the same time, the living conditions in poor areas has been greatly improved, and all the social businesses has made great progress. However, poverty still exists in the rural areas of our country and some problems arise. With the alleviating of absolute poverty, more people suffer from relative poverty. Therefore, it's still our vital duties to help people out of poverty. We will solve this problem by establishing and improving systems for helping poor people, hoping this will help develop economy of poor areas and eliminate the poverty, thus promoting the harmonious and steady advance of the whole society.There are four parts in this thesis. The first part talks about the measurement of poverty of population in rural areas. When dealing with this topic, poverty standard, scale, rate, depth index number and average distance of poverty have been used.The second part is about basic judgement on poverty in rural areas and this will be dealt with from four aspects.The first question is about the type of poverty in rural areas. From the degree of poverty, Mo tai ji of Hong Kong divides poverty into three sorts: absolute poverty, basic poverty and relative poverty. According to the range of poverty, it can be divided into regional poverty and individual poverty (including families). And from the causes of poverty, there are also two kinds: one is traditional gradual poverty and the other is modern gradual poverty. Besides, modern gradual poverty means poverty coming into existence with special and sudden factors and it has current features. It basically includes: educational consuming poverty; environmental damaging poverty; information-lacking poverty; talent-losing poverty; medical poverty and unfair policy poverty.The second question is the analysis of the characteristics of rural poverty. On the whole, the number of population of poverty is decreasing gradually, and there are new features of poverty: poverty no longer covers basic needs but changes to relative poverty, meaning relative low income. Poverty still exists in the west, mountainous areas and areas where minorities mostly live. Poor people who have temporally been out of poverty are rather easy to return to the state of being poor. Besides the population of absolute poverty, there are also about 49.77 million people who have low income. These kinds of people are rather vulnerable. Furthermore, even though we have made great progress in supporting poor people, and every year a lot of people get rid of poverty, the lower-income population is also easy to become poor again. In 2002, the rate was 23% in Qinghai Province. When we come to details, the features of rural areas and population have the following features: bad natural conditions. This is not only the feature of poverty, but also the basic cause of poverty. The bad natural conditions are as follows: soil and water resources as well as the climate. At the same time, the basic facilities are also not good enough. In lots of areas and among many people, water, electricity and transportation are still some problems for them. In these areas, birth rate is high but education and hygiene is not good enough.The third question deals with the causes of poverty in rural areas. Natural environment is the objective cause of poverty. The natural environment directly influences the regional economical development. Therefore, the natural environment is one of the major causes of poverty in rural areas; lower-quality people are the deep cause of poverty; regional differences of carrying out state policies are also a major cause.The fourth question is the comparative analysis of poverty between rural areas and urban areas. The differences are as follows: economic difference—the average income in both areas tends to go up on the whole; the education difference—the government's failing to provide sufficient fund in rural public education enlarges this difference to a large degree; difference in social security. The lower social security makes poor people unable to get rid of poverty permanently, and this is also the major reason why in rural areas people fail to have comfortably-off families.The third part concerns about the present living conditions of poor people in rural areas. We must take positive and effective steps to help and support those people. There are several aspects about the help and support to poor people: the basic living security, help to victims of natural disasters and developments in the poor areas. However, we still have some problems regarding this kind of work:When dealing with basic living security, because of insufficient fund from the state, and the large number of poor people in rural areas, the system of basic living security is still at its early stage; misunderstanding about the system of basic living security; difficulty in the standard of subjects of basic living security; difficulty in getting the basic living security fund; difficulty in adapting to the changing of situations.Natural disasters happening in rural areas will damage the development of economic growth of the whole society, thus becoming the long-term obstacles of national economic growth. Up to now, there has not been an independent system for support for victims of natural disasters in rural areas. This question is the cause of farmers'being unable to increase income. Faced with big natural disasters, the national fund of support sometimes seems insufficient.The strategies and policies concerning getting rid of poverty in rural areas are based on traditional planned economic thoughts, thus it is too much dependent on the investment of the government. There is no strict, standard and transparent system regarding the distribution and use of the money provided by the government. This causes the money to be used in other aspects or low using rate of the money. This leads to low social service and slow construction of social security systems.The fourth part is about the measures that will be taken on basic living security, for support for victims of natural disasters, and support for getting rid of poverty concerning the problems in supports for poor people.The reform of basic living security in poor areas: under the instruction thought of making people the center, create an atmosphere of government supporting and people from every field concerning; about choosing the road, we can imitate"the system of basic living security in cities"; try to do the job of helping and supporting of poor people in rural areas well and try to secure people's basic needs; about designing the system, the details of basic living security system include the standard of basic living security, the subjects of basic living security, strenthen the support of people of no fixed security, secure the source of basic living security fund and further scientic, standard designs and regulations about basic living security procedures and systems.Establish and improve rules concerning supporting system about natural disasters happening in rural areas. Make"the standard of helping victims of natural disasters", and"duty list of support for victims of natural disasters"; expand sources of support for victims of natural disasters; strengthen and improve other relative measures and establish overal system for support for victims of natural disasters.Strengthen new measures for support for poor people. Increase investment in building up basic facilities in rural areas and promote the overal and permanent economic development in poor rural areas, which is the basic means of solving the problem of gettting rid of poverty and the prevention of coming back to poverty; strengthen the policy of"one decrease and three increases"and further lessen the relative burden of poor people, which is the necessary means of preventing poor people coming back to poverty; establish and improve agricultural science and technology and rural service system and improve additional measures in poor rural areas, which is an imortant means for reducing the number of poor people in rural areas; combine"support for poor people through education"with"moving measure for support for poor people"in order to improve the quality of poor people in rural areas and improve living environment of the poor people; combine getting rid of poverty with strengthening basic needs in order to control the phenomenon of coming back to poverty.