| BackgroundWith the intensification of china's aging population, increasing number of older persons, the problem of daily life care aroused by old people's taking care of themselves has also attracted attention. China's elderly population in rural areas accounted for 65.82%of total elderly population, the aging level in the rural was 1.24 percentage points higher than in the town, the health status of rural elderly is even worse, so the daily life care problem of rural elderly becomes more prominent.At present the old people's daily life care in rural China is mainly family care, very few people take part of institutional care. However, a small number of children, too heavy burden to family members, children filial and other problem make the needs of elders difficultly to be met. Therefore, the development of rural community care becomes an effective solution. At present the professional care workers for elderly in our country are not enough, on the NPC& CPPCC sessions in 2010, Wang Zhenyao, the secretary of Ministry of Civil Affairs to promote social welfare and charity, said there were about 20 thousand qualified olderly care workers, but the actual demand may be 10 million. Professional nursing care workers is a problem must to be solved if we want smoothly implement of the community care.ObjectivesThis article attempts to study the use of surplus labor in rural areas to develop community care, and development of human resources for China's national conditions, so that we can change rural surplus labor into professional and semi-professional army for pension services. Specific purpose including:researching the rural residents'wishes of providing aged care services, using time to measure the aged care labor supply, finding the distribution of labor supply in different seasons, analysing the price of old care service, and forecasting labor supply from the year 2010 to 2049. So we can get feasible basis for rural community care.MethodsIn this study, we use stratified and cluster sampling method. First, according to the economic level we divided counties in Shandong province into three groups, in each group we select a county randomly, each county were randomly selected 1-2 village, all residents of the village are surveyed. In total,619 families,2068 persons. According to the survey data, we analysed the labor supply and price in this area, also we analysed the influencing factors. We use queue element method forecasted the population of gender, age from the year 2010 to 2049, and forecasted the labor supply basing on this data.Results(1)the wishes of supplying daily life care service:28.7%of respondents are willing to provide care, respondents are willing to take care of "those who can't take care of themselves sectionally" is higher than willing to take care of "those who can't take care of themselves totally", the rates are 29.4%and 24.1%. Willingness of different groups of average age, proportion of women, average family size exist statistically significant differences. People with lower age, female, smaller average family size are more willing to provide care services. "Older or sick can not afford to provide care" and "do not like to take care of others" are the main reasons for respondents unwilling to provide care.(2)labor supply of daily life care service:according to the special nature of agriculture production in rural areas, this study is divided into two time units:"to provide half-day service"and"to provide service only in the morning and evening". The study found in the four seasons the labors can supply more than 20 thousand half-day service, and it is longer in spring and winter. The labor supply in the morning and evening is smaller, and it is longest in spring and smallest in summer. For 453 respondents able to provide service, every people can supply 230.85 "half-day" and 59.97 "morning and evening" per year. In the same time,there are 345 old people over 60 years old, according to other studies18.46%old people in the country need care, the labor supply in the rural exceeds demand.(3)factors of labor supply for daily life care service:â‘ to provide half-day service:seasonal factors are different. Signal factor analysis showed that in spring factors including gender, age, occupation and health status; in summer, including gender,occupation, income and health status; in fall, including gender,occupation and health status; in winter, including gender, occupation, income and health status.â‘¡to provide service only in the morning and evening:seasonal factors are the same. Signal factor analysis showed that only the provision of services in different income groups was statistically significant.(4)labor price of old daily life care:to take care of those who can not take care of themselves partly asked to pay 6.06 yuan/hour, while taking care of those who can not take care of themselves totally asked to pay 7.87 yuan/hour. Comparing to the average service price in Shandong, they are lower. (5)if we do not take into account the impact of physical health of workers, we can forecast the labor supervision of daily life care will show downward trend by the year 2049.Conclusions and RecommendationsIn rural Shandong province, the supervision of daily life care is adequate, and labor price is lower than the workforce in service industries. By the year 2010-2049, we can see the proportion of old population will continue to increase, using surplus labor force to develope community care is a credible way to improve the standard of old care and their life quality.The main policy recommendations:(1) the development of rural community care is the direction to solve aging daily life care. (2) changing the traditional care concepts of old farmers and improving the farmers'service consciousness is a prerequisite for the development of community care. (3) the development of qualified and professional worker team is the successful implementation of community care.(4) reasonable organization of care services, development of a rich form of care is the means to meet the needs of old people in the rural. (5) we can use government support, multi-party financing to reduce the financial burden of care for rural elderly.
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