The Study Of The New Chinese City And Countryside Census Administration Management (1949-1965)

The Census administration management is one foundational and premise administration system, and one most effective method and the tool of carry through the social management and controls, moreover which relates with individual status, the rights and interests all along. Therefore, the research of census administration manage may better understand the country how carry through social control at that time, as well as which brought what affects to the city and countryside economy and the people's livelihood.The urban census administration' foundation by way of struggling against enemy and the maintenance social order, and the countryside census administration was built gradually with1953 census. The urban census administration establishment initial period, the farmers who could reside into city by migration card, but commodity grain population increased quickly along with urban population's growth, which aroused national grain supply strain day by day, so the country starts to carry out the compulsory census administration management measure in order to control the urban population growth. One side, links up with the urban registered permanent address and each kind of rights and interests, lets the entering a city farmer be unable in the urban foothold, limits the farmer by this to enter a city, on the other side, through simplifies the staff and goes to the mountain and countryside reduced the urban population, the massive urban population joins a production team were placed the countryside. Such large quantities of labor forces were stopped up in the countryside created the rural economy "the densification" and united land income decreasing progressively, but the urban registered permanent address and each kind of rights' and interests' union had created between the city and countryside not between the equal and the city and countryside isolation. Thus it can be seen, This compulsory census administration mode had hindered the city and countryside economy development seriously and created the city and countryside people were not equal in the benefit and the opportunity. Census administration the reason that then managed has the so big might, the root lay in the distribution system took the registered permanent address as the basis, between the city and countryside the assignment was uneven, the people to gain the good life condition flowed to the city inevitably, the urban population increase caused this kind of distribution system with difficulty inevitably preserve. But the country has not changed this kind of distribution system. The compulsory census administration reduces the urban population to maintain this kind of distribution system to continue. Therefore, the national distribution system was the root caused this kind of compulsory census administration management system.