On The International Environment Of Xinjiang Puppet Regime "Yatta Shahar" In The 19th Century

This thesis analyses "the international environment of Xinjiang puppet regime 'Yatta Shahar' in the 19th century" from four aspects.Chapter one gives a brief introduction of the environment of installing Yatta Shahar.After the Opium War of 1840,China was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country and faced the serious situation.Then foreign forces invaded Xinjiang and installed a puppet regime.This chapter also presents Yaqub Beg's political background,his activities in Xinjiang,and the process of establishing puppet regime "Yatta Shahar".Chapter two illustrates the situation of Central Asia before and during installing Yatta Shahar.This chapter includes two parts and respectively expounds the colonial expansion of Britain in India and Afghanistan and the Russian conquest of three khanates in Central Asia.In order to explain the foundation of Yatta Shahar was not an accident at the time, Yaqub Beg's puppet regime is set in a big background.Yatta Shahar was founded in the later 19th century and the western powers was busying in carving up colonies at that time.This chapter points out that the conflicts between Britain and Russia in Central Asia were enhanced from 1869.Two countries tried to set up an intermediate region between their colonies to avoid wars.Yatta Shahar,located in northwest China,with Afghanistan to its southwest,and Turkistan to its northwest, became the target of Britain and Russia.To make areas controlled by Yaqub Beg fall within their sphere of influence, Britain and Russia let this weak regime survive in China.Chapter three firstly introduces Yaqub Beg' s foreign policy.In order to sur,vive,Yaqub Beg strived for the support of international strength at the very start,Britain and the head of Islamic world—the Ottoman Turks especially,and therefore Yatta Shahar was an alien regime resulting from a series of wars of conquest.Then the support from Britain and Russia was respectively stated in two parts.These two parts include political,economic plus military support from Britain for Yatta Shahar,a change of Russia in the attitude toward Yatta Shahar and its dirty tricks of using this puppet regime to invade Yili.Chapter four begins with statement that Yatta Shahar was a puppet regime set up by foreign forces and it introduces the reactionary rule of Yatta Shahar in Xinjiang.Then,this paper points out that the foundation and survival of Yatta Shahar do harm to China.This chapter points out that it's a invasion of our territory to install this puppet regime and his economic policy destroyed China-Russia business agreement.Yaqub Beg's breaking to Chinese diplomatic power is also illustrated in this chapter.The Qing dynasty lost the right to independence on the issue of Xinjiang at that time,Yaqub Beg thus controlled foreign relations of Xinjiang.Yaqub Beg signed two treaties under the name of the head of Xinjiang,one is the Russia-Yatta Shahar Convention of 1872,and the other is British-Yatta Shahar Convention of 1874.Finally,the thesis deals with the lessons we learn from Yatta Shahar:The foundation of Yatta Shahar was due to Qing' s corrupt rule;The constantly growth of the puppet regime was the result of the collusion and mutual exploitation of the forces of Yaqub Beg and foreign countries;Northwest China is the ethnic minority area where factors of instability still exist,especially in Xinjiang,Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Tibet.Inharmony in ethnic relationships will give a few national separatists a handle for sedition.For the sake of the territorial security of our country, we must be always on the alert for the expansion of reactionary forces—Tibetan separatist and "East Turkistan" organizations,etc.And we should also be vigilant against domestic and foreign reactionaries' destruction to the sovereignty,territorial security and stability of our country. Only in this way can we prevent such a historical tragedy reDeating itself in China.