India's Nonalignment Policy And India's External Policy To The Soviet Union

Indo-Russian relationship in the early period is mainly on economic communication. After India became a British colony, the Indo-Russian relationship became weaker than the Anglo-Russian relationship. During the colonial rule, the British government continually spreads the"Russia threaten". The Russian October Revolution promotes the development of the Indian National Movement in certain way, but the Russian October Revolution's influence doesn't change the basic status of Indian National Movement, which the national bourgeoisie lead. In 1927, Nehru's trip to the USSR had made a good foundation for the future development of Indo-Soviet relationship.The Indo-Soviet relationship has experienced a process from cold to warm during Nehru's time. After the establishment of the Indian provisional government, India pursues nonalignment foreign policy. This policy is determined by the India related complex domestic and international status at that time. The nonalignment policy creates the new situation for Indian foreign policy, in April 1947 India and the USSR established diplomatic relations. However, the bilateral relationship has not been developed as their expectation, but appears cold status. After the establishment of the republic of India, the Indian nonalignment policy and the Indo-Soviet relationship have developed together. India's attitude in Korean War and The Japanese Peace Treaty as well as the Soviet Union's standpoint in Kashmir question promotes the bilateral relationship to trend to relax. The 1954 American-Pakistan alliance sped up the improvement of the Indo-Soviet relationship. India through strengthens with the Afro-Asian nations between the cooperation, improves with China's relations as well as signs trade agreement with the USSR, and gradually obtains the approval of the USSR. Based on it, through Nehru visited the USSR in June 1955; as well as in the same year from November to December, Bulganin and Khrushchev paid a return visit to India, the two countries formed normalization relationship. In 1956, India and the USSR in the Suez Crises together built up the anti-colony position and India's attitude in the Hungarin Crises was wait-and-see attitude, with improving the development of Indo-Soviet relationship, it also made the Indian nonalignment policy face test. From the view of the Indian government, the India's Hungary policy is just result of judging independently in the international affairs according to the own interests and this independence is the concrete application the nonalignment policy. After the crises, the USSR promotes the bilateral relationship by giving economic aid to India, disapproving proposal of Kashmir problems the UN Security Council and inviting India to join and solve the Middle-East affairs. In 1959, Sino-India border conflict, the Indian nonalignment policy made adjustments accordingly. India starts to develop the relationship with USA and the USSR in the same time is based on the premise that India doesn't form alliances with the great power. In this background, India and US relationship has developed. On the one hand, during the Sino-India border conflict, the USA gives India support, which makes the relationship between America and India some development; on the other hand, India and the Soviet Union have more cooperation in economic, politics and military areas etc.