A Study On The General Adverbs Of Scope In The Poetry Of The Tang Dynasty

General range adverb is the word,which modify the predicative structure(some special general range adverb may modify the nominal structure) in the syntactic structure and the semantics of them is oriented to the subject or the object that have relation to predicate.The Tang Dynasty is the important time that forms a connecting link between the preceding and the following in the evolution and development of Chinese language,but the Tang poetry also is importantlanguage materials。So it is an important part of grammar of classical Chinese that study general range adverb of Tang poetry。In this paper some of Poems of Tang Dynasty were used as study material and we hope the research results value in the historical study of Chinese.This article is mainly divided into three major parts:Partâ… :the preface includes four parts. First is the summary of research on the general range adverbs in ancient times. Second is, putting foreword the goal and the method of research considering this particle. Third is, Pointing out the basis of Tang poetry。Forth is providing the standard of judging general range adverbs and dividing them into two categories: the general and the common.Partâ…¡:Analyze specifically general range adverb of Tang poetry, they involved 25 adverbs. The general which are :Jie(皆),Jin(å°½),Ju(俱),Ju(å…·), Bian(遍),Shuai(率),Jian(å…¼), Fan(凡), Bing(並₁), Xian(å’¸), Yi(一), Bei(备), Xi(悉),Dou(都),Quan(å…¨),Zong(总),Liao(了),Hun(浑),Qi(齐₁),Bing(并₁(ä½µ₁)); the common which are: Tong(同),Gong(å…±),Qi(齐₂),Bing(並₂),Bing(并₂(ä½µ₂))。We compare and analyze the frequency, combinations and semantic orientation of these two types of scope adverbs. The characteristics are as follows about the former:1. In the frequency,"Jie(皆)","Jin(å°½)","Ju(俱)"which from Archaic chinese and commonly -used in this time,are higher than that of scope adverbs. These three words also had the very strong vitality in Tang Dynasty."Dou(都)","Quan(å…¨)"which from Han Dynasty also are higher frequency,they are being in the development.On the other hand,"Xi(悉)","Xian(å’¸)","Shua(i率)"etc which from Archaic Chinese or Middle Chinese,turned a low frequency.The emerging scope adverb,such as"Liao(了)","Zong(总)", and the scope adverb used in special time,shuc as"Hun(浑)"are a low frequency.2.In the grammatical function, the ability of combination about"Jie(皆)","Jin(å°½)","Ju(俱)"are strongest,they may modify verb phrase,adjective phrase,noun phrase,quantitive phrases;"Dou(都)"may modify verb phrase,adjective phrase,quantitive phrases;usage of other words is very simple, besides"X(i悉)"sometime modify noun phrase,"Q(i齐₁)"sometime modify adjective phrase and"Fan(凡)"modify quantitive phrases,others all only modify verb phrase。In negative sentence, the most general adverbs are in front of the negative adverb"Bu(不)"or the negative verb"Wu(æ— )",expressing to the subject or the object completely denial.The example of"Ju(å…·)","Bian(遍)","Shuai(率)","Jian(å…¼)","Fan(凡)","Bing(並₁)","Qi(齐₁)","Xian(å’¸)","Bei(备)"linking them with the negative word ,were not seen in the material of survey.When they and the negative word in a sentence,"Quan(å…¨)","Jin(å°½)"in front of negative word is total negation,otherwise after 1)","Xian(å’¸)","Bei(备)"linking them with the negative word ,were not seen in the material of survey.When they and the negative word in a sentence,"Quan(å…¨)","Jin(å°½)"in front of negative word is total negation,otherwise after 1)","Xian(å’¸)","Bei(备)"linking them with the negative word ,were not seen in the material of survey.When they and the negative word in a sentence,"Quan(å…¨)","Jin(å°½)"in front of negative word is total negation,otherwise after it is partial negation."Y(i一)","Liao(了)"mainly link with the negative word in use.3.In semantic orientation,"Jin(å°½)"directe the subject,the object and the prepositional object。"Quan(å…¨)","Bian(遍)","Jian(å…¼)","Dou(都)","Hun(浑)","Bei(备)"point to the subject and the object."Fan(凡)"points to the quantitive phrases.Others only point to the subject.4. In various words origin,"Jie(皆)","Jin(å°½)","Ju(俱)","Ju(å…·)","Bing(並 1)","Liao(了)"comes from intransitive verbs,"Qi(齐1)","Bian(遍)","Bei(备)","Quan(å…¨)","Hun(浑)"come from adjective which can be the predicate。"Yi(一)"come from adjective which can be the attribute。"Fan(凡)"is special,it is mainly the development of itself.5. In the time of come into being,"Jie(皆)","Jin(å°½)","Ju(俱)","Ju(å…·)","Bing(並₁)","Xian(å’¸)","Xi(悉)","Shuai(率)","Bian(遍)","Bei(备)","Jian(å…¼)","Fan(凡)","Yi(一)"appeared in pre-Qin Chinese."Qi(齐₁)",Bing(并₁(ä½µ₁))"Dou(都)","Quan(å…¨)","Zong(总)","Liao(了)"appeared in Han Dynasty."Hun(浑)"newly comes into being in Tang Dynasty.The follow is the characteristics of the common scope advebs:"Tong(同)","Gong(å…±)","Qi(齐₂)","Bing(並₂)","Bing(并₂(ä½µ2))",their semantic featrure lie in concurrency of action.They mostly modify verb phrase, semantic point to the subject."Qi(齐₂)","Bing(並₂)","Bing(并(2ä½µ₂))"are a low frequency, syntactic structure and semantic collocation of them are very single,these three words do not appear in negative sentence."Tong(同)","Gong(å…±)"are higher frequency. They may modify verb phrase and adjective phrase, pointing to the subject。Partâ…¢:The third part is a conclusion, mainly was has carried on a summary according to the second part of description and analysis, the following conclusion: Old adverb and the emerging adverb appears in the Tang poetry, in the origin,appear in the frequency and the semantic direction, they exist similarities and differences,and the general adverb are more than the common,the general adverb occupies the main status in this time.