Research On "X" In The Prepositional Structure "Zai X Shang/Li/Zhong"

The frequency of the prepositional structure used in modern Chinese language is very high. Based on the research of fore person, this text selected three prepositional structure"zai X shang / li / zhong"which are similar both in abstract meaning and in locality meaning to investigate and analyze.In this kind of structure, after combining with the localizer,"X"makes the object of the preposition. Superficially,"zai"have no direct request to the semantic meaning of "X", but in the social intercourse,"X"and"zai"should compatible on the semantic meaning, and"zai"have such request to "X" as [+ finite].According to the material we collected, we classified"X"in the prepositional structure"zai X shang / li /zhong"from the meaning aspect and drew the following conclusion:Generally speaking, the normal concrete word can enter the structure"zai X shang". In addition to the animal and the person words, natural phenomena words, the words that refer to space using function, and the words that it is very difficult for us to imagine them as a point , a line, a surface and an open space.The circumstance of the abstract noun is more complicated, including the following types. (1) Emotion, Attitude, natural, Intelligence.(2) Form, contents, strategy. (3) knowledge.(4) Meeting, game, rites. (5) degree, quantity. (6) Market, industry, business. (7) Wealth power. (8) Other types.Time phrase and the locality phrase can't enter the structure of"zai X shang".Some organization words can enter this structure, they include: Station, Army, The local administration units, Classes, Fields, Palace, Imperial government, Law court, Unit, Mineral, Locality, Organization, The boundary, Maritime customs etc. Numeral phrase which Means the age and the attributive phrase taking verb as the center also can enter this structure.A few monosyllabic verbs can enter this structure, which mean the aspect meaning. The other verbs that can enter this structure is transitive and have double syllables, but some transitive verbs that also have double syllables can not enter this structure because they are unsustainable verbs. A few untransitive verbs and adjectives can enter this structure, all mean the aspect meaning.For concrete word,"X"in"zai X li"usually have the following few circumstances:A: the dimension words B: the words that use as a boundary C: natural phenomena words. D: bush phrases. E: medium phrases. F: sounds. G: plural noun.According to the semantic meaning, we divided"X"in the prepositional structure"zai X shang"into the following types:(1) District scope. (2) Knowledge. (3) A view. (4) Works, news. (5) Process. (6) Subjective consciousness. (7) System systems. (8) Work, study, life. (9) Meeting game. (10) Trouble affairs, war. (11) Other types. And other plural abstract noun. Also have some fixed phrase in language.Generally speaking, the direction phrase can't enter this structure, only time span phrase can enter this structure, usually together with other modifier phrase. Most of The organization words except the boundary, local, maritime customs etc can enter this structure.A few predicates can enter this structure, if it is a verb, the verb usually have some modification in front such as these, various etc. The adjectives are also very few, such as sad, gloomy etc."X"is similar in"zai X zhong"and"zai X li", but the boundary noun cannot enter into"zai X zhong"and the fixed phrase in language cannot be replaced each other.Generally speaking, If"X"is a verb, it is the active verbs or mental verbs, Similar to"zai X li", the adjectives which can enter this structure is limited, and they often express the person's subjective felling and the environment condition. While express the concrete space directions meaning,"zai X shang"have two meanings, one is on, another is above. Besides these, it also can express time, inside, aspect, a certain realm, scope, movable place, time and dwelling place, acquire path, condition, property, a certain appearance etc."zai X li / zhong"can mean concrete or abstract space, scope, process, time etc at the same time. But they also exist a certain differences,"zai X li"usually mean the scope of the dynamic state while"zai X zhong"added the scope of the static state. The color of the type of writing is also different. The two phrases is various in the writing when we use them. And we also think that"zhong"usually mean a long space scope, while"li"usually means a short space scope. We still sum up the"X"which can enter the three structures at the same time, and the similarities and differences after they entered, and give the explanation from the cognition aspect.At last, we discussed that"zai"is dimly visible because of the function of the syntax, the type of"X", the coordinate structure etc. Be dimly visible of"zai"not only affect the pragmatics value of the sentences, but also influence the meaning of the sentence and the syntactic structure.However, because of my limited knowledge and the shortage of the analytical reasonableness skill, the meaning system of"X"is numerous and complicated, the subjective consciousness is obviously when people use them, this text exists a lot of shortages.