The Research On The Funds Of The Changshafu's Academies In Qing Dynasty

Academy was a cultural and educational organization special in ancient China. It was not only the education organization, but also the center of learning. It has a unique character between official school and old-style private school, so as its ways of financing, disbursement and management. The academy could neither gain the financial allocation from the government, like the official school, nor independently operate its own outlays to launch completely free academic research, like the old-style private school. But it is exactly the financial support from the government that makes it have a longer existence than the old-style private school lived upon its unstable financial source, and makes it freer in academic field than the official school that was completely controlled by the government. On the other hand, as regards the academy, how to gain more support from the government and launch the free academic study at the same time was the key problem to be solved. Certainly, this problem was also closely connected with the financing, disbursement and management. Because of its successful operation in financing, Chinese traditional academies could go through thousand years. Take the Academy of Changsha Fu in Qing Dynasty for example, this thesis gives the discussion and looks into the research upon the financing of this academy on the basis of the existing research achievements of elder scholars.In Qing Dynasty, there were 75 academies of all kinds in Changsha Fu, including provincial academies, county-level, and township-level academies. As a result, Changsha Fu in Qing dynasty was very typical. Discussion upon financing, disbursement and management of Changsha Fu's Academy is given in this thesis. The introduction in the first chapter systemically reviews and summarizes the research fruits on the academies'financing since 1930s, and meanwhile, it points out the achievements and the existent problems as well as its future prospects. The text is shown in chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5. The introduction to the development of the Academy of Changsha Fu is given in Chapter 2. The first Academy of Changsha Fu came up in Tang Dynasty, and the academies followed were developed very well through Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasties. Especially in Qing Dynasty, academy's functions of teaching, sacrifice and collecting of books were further enhanced, and furthermore the academies'rules were more perfect. The third chapter is concerned with the academies'financing. Through gathering and analyzing materials, such as the general records of a country or academies, the author then drew a conclusion that these academies raised funds through four ways, i.e., allocating from the government, donating from people or officers, inheriting from previous academies, and...