Research On Zhongshu Dong's Concept On Monarch

The Zhongshu Dong's Concept on Monarch plays a very important roles in the Chinese political thinking history. This dissertation focuses on this theme, and is divided into six Chapters.The introduction on this topic is included in chapter 1. This chapter focuses on two problems. One is the generating historic background of Zhongshu Dong's Concept on Monarch, and another is the sources of the concept. Each kinds of thinking has its historic sources and future's developing space due to the generation of each thinking coming from the needs of social reality and also due to continuity of mankind sociality. The Zhongshu Dong's thinking is not an exception in these cases. The historic background of Zhongshu Dong's thinking is discussed firstly in this chapter. Many historic events which took place during the period from lord's war in Zhanguo period to the common man Bang Liu becoming a Monarch and which related to Monarchs actuated the researches on Monarch. This is the historic background of the generation of Zhongshu Dong's Concept on Monarch while the Confucianist 's concepts in Xianqin period on Monarch and all others are the sources of Zhongshu Dong's Concept on Monarch.In Chapter 2, we discuss the Zhongshu Dong's cognizance on the relationship between Monarchs and the sky. This chapter is divided into two paragraphs. In the first paragraph, we discuss the Zhongshu Dong's thinking inwhich the basis of the super authority of Monarchs in ancient china was founded and the super authority of the sky was established via the natural properties and character of the sky in Zhongshu Dong's thinking. The problem on the Monarch's power given by God is discussed in the second paragraph. This problem can found the Monarch's authority in ancient china. This chapter is the premises of discussions for all the following chapters.In chapter 3, we discuss the Zhongshu Dong's viewpoint on the relationship of Monarch and common people, which is investigated in a historic course by the researching the Xianqin period's research .process on this problem. The discussion in this chapter shows the development and succession of Zhongshu Dong's viewpoints on the relationship between Monarch and common people. Attenuating common people via enlarging Monarch becomes attenuating Monarch via enlarging common people in fact, but the highlight of this chapter is that common people have not got rid of the status in a lower social level all along.In chapter 4, we discuss the Zhongshu Dong's viewpoint on the relationship of Monarch and his ministers, which is a important issue that is concerned by the Rujia and all others in all period. Monarch being the highest and his ministers being low is an agreement of all kinds of research groups, and also is the soul of Zhongshu Dong's viewpoint on the relationship of Monarch and his ministers. The general principle with respect to Monarch being the highest and his ministers being low is firstly discussed in this chapter. However, Zhongshu Dong gave the viewpoints that in the politic practice the roles of ministers can not be underestimated and that since all the important affaires of the country and the military had carried out by ministers. Therefore, the magnitude of functions is not as the same as being high or low of status. He appealed that Monarch should create an environment for minister's success and efforts. Moreover, the flexible principle on the relationship of Monarch and his ministers is included in Zhongshu Dong's thinking, which shown the specialty of Zhongshu Dong'sviewpoint on the relationship of Monarch and his ministers.In chapter 5, we discuss what virtue the Monarch should have. The criteria on revaluating Monarchs are mostly determined on virtues by the Confucianist's doctrines. This chapter mainly focuses on the issues which are why and how Monarchs enhance his level of virtues by which as well as by the abilities for dealing with the relationship between Monarchs and common people and the relationship between Monarchs and his ministers, an Monarch can achieve an ideal one.