The Comprehensive Research And Cognitive Explanation Of "Shang" "Zhong" "Xia"

This paper, based on the fruit of the previous research, probes into the orientation words "shang" "zhong" "xia" from all angles. It has a detailed description and analysis of the research focus about these orientation words and tries to give them a cognitive explanation, which focuses on the asymmetrical distribution of the words "shang" and "xia". From the meaning angle, this paper rearranges these three words. The usage of "shang" is the most complex: from the relative space location of height and lowness to the adherence and support of surface and point, the meaning of "shang" is cast on the upgrade and adherence of this abstract conception. It also talks about the expressions of the space location of "shang". All these present its unlimited extension of this spatial concept in Chinese. The meaning of "zhong" may be "one of ", "inside" or "between". It may be a concrete container or an abstract one, as long as it can contain something inside: things, activities. For this reason, "zhong" can be adhered to the word that can express activity, statement, and atmosphere to form orientation structure, "xia" means "lowness", but in most situations it can express the cognitive meaning of "involving", "covering" etc. Especially when it is adhered to the words expressing abstract conceptions or activities. The asymmetrical usage of "shang" and "xia" is decided by the asymmetrical distribution of the two. The reason, tracing to its source, is that the hominine physical character decides the hominine cognition, which embodies through humanlanguage.Base on these analyses, we can see directly that when we use these orientation words, we have different point of observation. At the same time, we can pick up the close relation between the combination of "shang""zhong" "xia" with prepositions and its meaning.At last, we can tell the sameness and difference of English and Chinese in cognition through the comparison of the two languages. Compared with English, Chinese shows a more synthesis character.