The Selection Principles In Semantics And The Negative Function In Discourse Of The Sentence Pattern With "Ningke

The selection principles in semantics and the negative function in discourse of the sentence pattern with "Ningke" are analyzed in the paper.(1) On the selection principles in semantics of the sentence pattern with "Ningke"There are two different angles of consideration and measure for the subject of the sentence pattern to set up the relevant semantic scales and to form the different views on advantage or disadvantage, which are the public and the individual views. These two different mentioned views give rise to the opposing results of the comparison. From the individual view, the subject prefers what is rejected from the public view.The semantic presupposition in the sentence pattern "Ningke x, Ye bu y" is that "x" is not as good as "y" or "x" is inferior to "y" from the conventional angle. It is the basis and premise for the subject to select "x" and negate "y" from the individual view.From the public view, the subject of the sentence pattern with "Ningke" adheres to the selection principle of "prefer the relative disadvantage", i.e. "prefer the lighter advantage, the disadvantage to the advantage, or the heavier disadvantage". On the contrary, from the individual view, the subject follows another principle of "prefer the relative advantage", i.e. "prefer the heavier advantage, the advantage to the disadvantage, or the lighter disadvantage".Based on the mentioned principles, the subject selects the disadvantage from the public view and the advantage from the individual view, and it negates the advantage from the public view and the disadvantage from the individual view. As for these two principles, the first principle of "prefer the relative disadvantage" from the public view is the premise for using this sentence pattern.(2) On the negative function in discourse of the sentence pattern with "Ningke"The sentence pattern with "Ningke" has the contextual function to negate the proposition expressed by the prerequisite sentence, which is realized in the form of a complex sentence in concession and selection. According to the individual view, the subject negates one kind of idea, view or suggestion, which exists in the prerequisite sentence from the public view.The semantic ground related to the sentence pattern with "Ningke" is: as a result of one particular reason or purpose, the subject makes a choice against the conventional idea, the public view or action, etc. The context, which contains the semantic ground, is a test of the selection principles and the negative function in discourse.The markers in syntax forms of the negative function of the sentence pattern "Ningke p,ye bu q" are the negative words in "q" clause, the words having the negative meanings in context and the adversative words in context. The words having the negative meanings in the context include three groups, which are the single-words in negative sentences, the negative words in negative sentences and the words having the negative meanings in positive sentences. The markers are related to the subjective characteristic of the sentence pattern with "Ningke".As a speech act, the puipose of the subject's using this sentence pattern is to negate the other's instruction, suggestion, request, idea, view, etc. From the point of view of information transmission, the sentence pattern with "Ningke" has a stronger negative function and more information than the simple negative sentences.There is a logical connection between the selection principles in semantics and the negative function in discourse of the sentence pattern. For example, the prerequisite sentence is both the negative target in discourse and the rejected alternative. The subject's "prefer the relative disadvantage" is just to negate prerequisite sentence.