The Research On Banks Of Counties During Kuomintang Ruling Period (from Year 1940 To 1949)

From the achievements have been gained in academic circles, the research on financial agencies of counties has not been a hot issue and has not been attached enough importance to neither. The thesis chose the banks of counties during Kuomintang ruling period as subjects, putting emphasis on making an on-the-spot investigation on the causes why they had been established, development, organization as well as personnel system through a huge arrangement on whole file of Sichuan Provincial Department of Finance in Archives of Sichuan Province, trying to reveal its construction process during a county financial atmosphere. On the basis of that, the thesis explains the details about the businesses, problems exist in development of the county banks, as well as the reason of which, specifically and deeply. All of these above was aiming to show the challenge that county financial field would be confront both internal and external under the policy transplanted from outer county, on addition, how the performance would be after it being constructed.When Anti-Japanese War broke out, Kuomintang Government was thirsty to robust the financial links in Southwestern and Northwestern China, in order to exploit the mainland economy and strengthen the materialistic base for a new country founded. To opposite, the modern financial institution was underdevelopment, and it was disequilibrium distributed. To solve the contradiction, Kuomintang Government decided to set up county banks, publishing "The Law of County Banks" as well as many other rules for such kind of banks, which has a great of significance in the history of county banks system. Under the energetic preaching of Kuomintang Government, the new banks developed so fast that the number of which speed up to over 500 up to the end of year 1947. Form the aspect of time, the high tide of the banks building were 1942-1944, 1946-1947; from the aspect of region, Sichuan Province was the top which had the most establishments, with 131 county banks and more than 200 branch agencies.However, county banks launched with so much reluctances at the very beginning because of the problems appearing in founding and human resources. With inflation became more and more severely, they had to face a great number of difficulties. Under the circumstances, county banks existed for only a few years and finally retired quietly from the scene. Consider about its realistic function, though the new type of bank had achieved little on the financial objective that "adjusting local economy, assisting economic construction, developing cooperated undertakings", anyhow, it is certain that had a measure of positive significance on improving the financial links in Southwestern and Northwestern China. On the other hand, it sort of changed the situation that some financial agencies'unreasonable distribution.We know that to construct and to launch a county bank cannot leave alone without government's support and participate from the analysis on the founding source and businesses. True, it's abnormal; but, ultimately, bank is one of the forms of economic institute, and the economy was closely relates to the whole finance. Therefore, the abnormal state of economy can sort of reflect the same formation of the whole finance. To resolve it, the government has to take some correct and effective measures and policies. In brief, it is bring out the best with each other and develop together that only under the condition which treating the relationship among finance, economy as well as the government, rationally.