| With the development of economy and living standards, lifestyles and diet pattern have changed greatly, which causes cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and interrelated diseases increasing rapidly. In the future twenty years, the disabled rate and mortality of CVD will increase steadily. It makes serious disease burden for family and society. So the intervention programs on CVD are urgently needed.OBJECTIVESThe present study was carried out in 2007 and 2008 in a rural population aged 35-74 years in Henan. The purpose was to determine the prevalence and clustering of primary risk factors for CVD so that to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of CVD in rural population.METHODSA total of 16953 representative participants aged 35-74 years in Xin'an county of Henan were selected randomly by cluster sampling technique from July to August in 2007 and 2008. Data were collected by questionnaire interview which includes demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, educational level, and per capita annual income), lifestyle and behaviour risk factors (smoking, alcohol drinking and diet), and information regarding family history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, waist circumferences (WC), blood pressure. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyerides (TG), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were also measured. Cross-sectional study design was used to describe and analyze the situation of the primary risk factors for CVD.RESULTS1 Totally 16953 individuals were investigated. The males were 6615 (39.0%), and the females were 10338 (61.0%), the average age in men was 53.9±10.4 years old, the average age in women was 52.0±10.2 years old, the average age in men was significantly older than that in women (P<0.01).2 Mean BMI for the study participants was 24.5±3.6kg/m2 (males: 23.7±3.3kg/m2, females:25.0±3.7kg/m2, P<0.01). Mean WC in males (83.5±10.2cm) was significantly higher than that in females (82.9±10.3cm) (P<0.01). The levels of BMI and WC declined with age in males (P<0.01), but WC increased with age in females (P<0.01) and BMI had no difference in different age groups for females. Mean SBP was 127.1±20.7 mmHg (males:126.7±18.8mmHg, females: 127.6±21.8mmHg) and DBP was 79.4±11.6 mmHg (males:78.8±11.3mmHg, females: 79.8±11.8mmHg), Mean SBP and DBP progressively increased with age in both the males and females (P<0.01). Mean fasting blood glucose was 5.7±1.6 mmol/L (males: 5.6±1.4mmol/L, females:5.8±1.6mmol/L, P<0.01). Mean TC was 4.6±0.9 mmol/L (males:4.4±0.9mmol/L, females:4.6±1.0mmol/L, P<0.01). Mean TG was 1.7±1.2 mmol/L (males:1.7±1.1 mmol/L, females:1.8±1.2mmol/L, P<0.01), mean HDL-C was 1.2±0.3mmol/L (males:1.1±0.3mmol/L, females:1.2±0.3mmol/L, P<0.01).3 Prevalence of overweight, obesity, hypertension, T2DM, high TC, hypertriglyceridemia, Low HDL-C were 36.9%(males:33.9%, females:38.9%), 16.5%(males:11.2%, females:19.9%),33.2%(males:29.1%, females:35.8%),8.8% (males:7.8%, females:9.4%),4.9%(males:3.2%, females:6.0%),19.7%(males: 17.7%, females:21.0%),33.1%(males:41.1%, females:28.1%), respectively. The prevalence rates of hypertension, T2DM, high TC, hypertriglyceridemia were higher in females as compared to males (P<0.01), but low HDL-C was lower in females as compared to males (P<0.01). In different age groups, prevalence of overweight, obesity increased witn age in males (P<0.01), however, there is no this trend in females. Prevalence of hypertension and T2DM progressively increased with the increasing of age in both the males and females (P<0.01).4 The prevalence of CVD risk factors aggregation was 47.7%(males:42.3%, females:51.1%, P<0.01). The rate of participants who had no risk factor was 25% for males and 18.5% for females, respectively (P<0.01). The proportions to form for extent of aggregation in different age groups were different (P<0.01). The prevalence of risk factors aggregation increased with age for participants with 2 (P<0.01),3, and 4 risk factors. The extent of risk factors aggregation progressively increased with age (rs=0.09,P<0.01).5 Prevalences of hypertension, T2DM, high TC, hypertriglyceridemia, and Low HDL-C increased with BMI (P<0.01). Especially, prevalence of hypertension reached the higst level of 53.4% in the participants with obesity.6 Prevalences of overweight and obesity, T2DM, high TC, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C in the participants with hypertension were higher than those in the participants without hypertension (P<0.01).67.4% of participants with hypertension were overweight and obesity.7 Prevalences of overweight and obesity, hypertension, high TC, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C in the participants with T2DM were 71.6%,49.4%, 12.4%,39.9%,39.1%, higher than those in the participants without T2DM (52.7%, 31.6%,4.2%,17.7%,32.6%).CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (overweight and obesity, hypertension, T2DM, high TC, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C) was high and increased steadily for the residents in rural areas in Henan province. The intervention programs on primary risk factors for cardiovascular disease are urgently needed.
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