The Effect Of Rural-to-Urban Migration On Dietary And Cardiovascular Risk Factors In A Middle-Aged Population

AbjectiveThis study aims to investigate the migration and cardiovascular disease in the population aged 45-60 years in Hefei and its surrounding areas.To assess differences in cardiovascular risk profiles among rural,rural-to-urban migrants and urban,and to provide evidence for the prevention of non-communicable disease(NCD).MethodsThe study subjects were aged 45-60 participants from the medical enter of Hefei.By face-to-face to finish questionnaire survey,a population of 1 417 people were selected finally.The questionnaire mainly contains two parts: the demographic data and laboratory indicators.Questionnaire includes general information,physical activity,food intake frequency(semi-quantitative food frequency),history of disease,family history of disease and anthropometric indicators(blood pressure,height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,et al)of the participants;Laboratory indicators include fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and so on.The Statistical Package for Social Sciences(version 16.0,SPSS Inc)was performed to analyze statistics.Descriptive statistics were mean and standard deviation for normal variables,and the one-way ANOVA was used to describe the differences of continuous variables.The statistics were median and interquartile range for non-normal variables,and the Kruskal-Wallis Test was used to compare the differences of continuous variables.The chi-square test was applied to examine group differences in categorical variables.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of rural,rural to urban and urban populations cardiovascular risk factors(such as obesity,hypertriglyceridemia,hypercholesterolemia and hypertension).P<0.05 was perceived as statistically significant.ResultsA total of 1 417 participants(male:746,female:671)were included in the study,and the average age of them were 51.5±4.9 years.In the investigation,the population aged 45-49 years was accounted for 45.7%,the participants who had lower education were accounted for 33.2%;the per capital monthly income>2000RMB of the subjects were accounted for 25.8%;more than 28% of the subjects were smoker;and 52.0% of these participants were excessive drinking.Compared with work physical activity of migrant and urban groups,rural group was higher,while the level of exercise physical activity in rural group was lower,and the differences of three groups have statistical significance(P<0.001).Compared with dietary intake of three groups in child,the daily intake of staple food,coarse grains,vegetables,fruits,pork,eggs,milk,vegetable oil and animal oil in rural group,were lower than migrant and urban groups(P<0.001).About the dietary intake in the past year,the daily intake of animal oil in rural group was higher than migrant and urban groups(P<0.05).The daily intake of vegetable oil of migrant group was higher than rural and urban groups(P<0.001),and urban group was higher than migrant and urban group in pork intake(P<0.001).Compared with dietary intake of rural group,migrant group and urban group in child respectively,the daily intake of staple food,coarse grains and tubers were higher than the daily intake in the past year,and the daily intake of vegetables,fruits,pork,eggs,milk and vegetable oil,were lower than the daily intake in the past year..In the male population,the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia of urban group was significantly higher than rural and migrant groups,and the differences between three groups have statistically significance(P<0.001).In female,the prevalence of obesity,hypertension and hypercholesterolemia of rural group were higher than migrant and urban groups(P<0.01),and the prevalence of central obesity of migrant group was higher than rural and urban groups(P<0.01).For most risk factors,the migrant group had intermediate levels of risk between those observed for the rural and urban groups.After adjustment for age,family income and education level,urban men increased the risks of hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes by 2.55 and2.46 times than rural men.Migrant men increased the risks of diabetes by 1.95 times than rural men;after adjustment for age,family income,ducation level and BMI,urban men increased the risks of hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes by 1.67 and 2.49 times than rural men.Migrant men increased the risks of diabetes by 2.01 times than rural men;after adjustment for age,family income,ducation level and the level of total physical activity,urban men increased the risks of hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes by 1.59 and 2.49 times than rural men.Migrant men increased the risks of diabetes by 2.03 times than rural men.After adjustment for age,family income and education level,urban women increased the risks of diabetes by 4.25 times than rural women;After adjustment for age,family income,education level and BMI,urban women increased the risks of diabetes by 4.71 times than rural women;After adjustment for age,family income education level and the level of total physical activity,urban women increased the risks of diabetes by 3.14 times than rural women.ConclusionRural-to-urban migration and urban groups had similar NCD risk-factor levels.These were not consistently worse than those seen in rural dwellers.The prevalence of diabetes in three groups of men can not be explained by factors such as age,sex,socioeconomic status and so on,and the prevalence of diabetes in migrant group of men was higher than rural group men,indicating that the rural-to-urban migrantion may be a potential risk factor for diabetes in men.The association between the three groups requires further exploration.