| PrefaceWith the global progress of industrialization, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death of mankind, and to give the community a heavy burden of disease. The number of hypertension for the whole world over more than 600 million. The prevalence of hypertension of 10%-20%in European and American countries,10%-15%in Asia,3%-10%in Africa (excluding South Africa). The prevalence of hypertension was 18.8%for more than 18 years of age in China, with around 160 million are suffering from (2002). Compared to 11 years with in 1991, the prevalence increased by 58%, with an average annual increase of 6 million hypertension patients. The prevalence was significantly rising trend year by year. Through the past, the study of risk factors for hypertension was generally agreed that hypertension is a cause of complex disease, affected by the combined effect of multiple factors. Some factors such as body weight, BMI, family history have confirmed its relationship with blood pressure; while the majority of factors such as age, sex, height, race, minerals and the relationship between blood pressure is still controversial. As people's living standards increasing, changing environmental factors continue to occur, but in recent years, the Northeast region, particularly in rural areas in northeast Prevalence of hypertension research is not over. This study was population-based, to carry out a large-scale urban and rural areas of Shenyang hypertension Survey to explore the influencing factors for hypertension prevention and control work carried out to provide scientific basis.Subjects and Methods1. The selection method of study subjectsAccording to the 2000 national census data, in accordance with multi-layer random cluster sampling method to investigate the city's five District, Shenyang City, and eight suburban counties of more than 18 years of age and permanent residents of 10497 people.Removal of age and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure did not fill out complete data, the remaining 10,444 cases.2. Diagnosis standard and the methods of measurementsThe diagnosis standard of EHT:According to 1999 WHO-ISH guidelines for the management of hypertension, hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP)≥140mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP)^ 90mmHg. The measurement of blood pressure should be carried out according to the unified standard under standard conditions.3. The contents of epidemiological surveyIn the training of investigators, uniform medical standards, diagnostic standards, the adoption of unified design survey form on-site measurements and asked about the way the investigation. Topics covered include:general characteristics, smoking history, drinking history, cooking oil type, history of physical exercise, consumption of salty conditions, hypertension, family history, etc.; measurement of height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and so on.4. Statistical methodsInspecting findings by the quality and input into the computer, using SPSS 13.0 establishment of databases. Using different statistical methods to analyze the results, measurement data to mean±standard deviation of that difference between the group application oft-test and analysis of variance, count data applicationχ2 test. Prevalence of hypertension in accordance with the 2000 national census data standardized. Statistical significance level isα= 0.05.Results1. The level and distribution characteristics of blood pressure in urban and rural residents of Shenyang CityShenyang City residents which aged 18 or above of average level of SBP as 124.24±19.356mmHg, DBP average of 80.06±15.603mmHg. Among them, urban and rural residents on average SBP levels were 123.99±19.361 mmHg,124.54± 19.348 mmHg, no significant difference (p> 0.05); urban and rural residents on average DBP levels were 80.70±18.184 mmHg,79.30±11.743 mmHg, there is significant difference (p<0.01).(1) the characteristics distribution of populationThe average level of male SBP is of 126.15±17.132 mmHg, DBP average of 81.35±14.415mmHg; female SBP average of 122.37±21.153 mmHg, DBP average of 78.79±16.594 mmHg. Men and women between the SBP, DBP were significantly different (p<0.01), male blood pressure was significantly higher than females.SBP, DBP of Shenyang City residents of all age groups had a significant difference (p<0.01). Overall, SBP, DBP increases with age average of the average water rise.(2) The characteristics distribution of urban and rural areasIn Both urban and rural areas, women SBP, DBP were lower than men (p<0.01). However, compared to rural and urban, rural men in DBP lower than in urban men (p <0.01), rural women, SBP less than urban women (p<0.05).Urban and rural residents in the age of SBP curve cross-upward trend, the previous 60-year-old age group, SBP is higher than in rural cities after the age of 60 and in each age group in rural areas than cities; urban and rural residents in the changes of DBP with age is different from the SBP, the overall low in rural areas in the cities, but in the 18～year-old group,50～-year-old group and the 80-year-old group of DBP levels overlap, and even go-ahead trend.2. Characteristics of prevalence of hypertension in urban and rural residents and distribution of Shenyang CityIn Shenyang, hypertension prevalence rate of 29.9%, while standard rate was 24.77%. Among them,31.5%urban prevalence of hypertension, standardized rate of 24.81%; in rural areas 27.9%prevalence rate of hypertension, standardized rate of 24.32%. Urban is higher than in rural areas (p<0.01).(1) the characteristics distribution of populationPrevalence rate of male is of 32.4%; female prevalence rate of 27.4%, women less than men (p<0.01).Overall prevalence of hypertension increases with age, and the difference was significant (p<0.01). (2) The characteristics distribution of urban and rural areasPrevalence of hypertension in rural men is higher than urban men (p<0.01), women's non-urban-rural difference in prevalence of hypertension (p>0.05). Prevalence rate of hypertension of male urban is higher than urban women (p<0.01). Prevalence of hypertension between men and women in rural areas was no significant difference (p> 0.05).Prevalence of hypertension in both urban and rural residents increased with age, rise, and the differences were significant (p<0.01).3. The major influencing factors of hypertension(1) Analysis on the related risk factors concerned with hypertension in urbanNationality, edible oil types was not statistically associated with the prevalence of hypertension (p>0.05); smoking, drinking, family history, underweight, overweight, obesity, exercise, eating salty were statistically correlation with hypertension prevalence (p<0.05).(2) Analysis on the related risk factors concerned with hypertension in ruralNationality, edible oil types, food salty was not statistically associated with the prevalence of hypertension (p>0.05); smoking, drinking, family history, overweight, obesity, exercise were statistically associated with hypertension prevalence (p< 0.05).Discussion1. blood pressure level distribution characteristicsThe survey shows that more than 18 years old in Shenyang City residents in SBP/ DBP adults over the age of 18 than the national average, urban, rural residents in SBP/ DBP were higher than average blood pressure in the southern Guangxi, urban-rural level, while economic development is still in Shenyang City in the country's middle level, which prompted leading to Shenyang risk factors for high blood pressure is increasing. The survey also found that in both urban and rural areas, the average age of residents increased blood pressure and the water rise, and the blood pressure higher than those in men, women, which trend is basically consistent with the relevant research data.2. Comparison of prevalence of hypertensionShenyang City for more than 18 years of age prevalence of hypertension in urban and rural residents is higher than 2002 levels of the national prevalence rate of hypertension in urban and rural prevalence of hypertension in excess of the Ministry of Health in large and medium cities and rural survey. Tip the overall prevalence of hypertension at a high level, although the prevalence of hypertension in rural areas than cities, but urban-rural gap is small, high blood pressure in rural areas is no longer a low-prone areas. Prevalence of hypertension in urban men is higher than rural men, but also higher than in urban women. This may be related to living in the city's men smoking, drinking, lack of exercise and other bad habits, while its pace of work, the level of tension is also higher than the rural males and urban females. In terms of age stratification, as the age increased prevalence of hypertension in urban and rural areas were on the rise. This increase with age, exposure to risk factors for the increase in the accumulation of time, lead to high prevalence rates are relatively high age may be related.3. Factors of hypertensionThis study analysis showed that in Shenyang urban and rural residents have much in common risk factors of hypertension, smoking history, drinking history, family history, overweight/obesity and other factors are related to the relationship between the occurrence of hypertension closely with the relevant findings are basically consistent. Smokers and drinkers have the higher risk of blood pressure than whose in non-smokers, non-drinkers high, suggesting that should be strengthened smoking, drinking and the dangers of health education, tobacco and alcohol into bad habits.The survey found that family history of hypertension had related high blood pressure, especially siblings in the family history of high blood pressure, their higher risk of suffering from high blood pressure should be immediate family members of patients with hypertension are listed focus on high-risk groups in order to study their relevance.In the survey, BMI level and prevalence rate of hypertension is closely related to urban and rural residents suffering from obesity, the risk of high blood pressure were normal-weight residents of 4.522 times and 3.044 times, as the same as the results of the investigation to 24 million adults in basically in China. Should promote a healthy lifestyle tips, guidance and control of overweight and obese lose weight.However, the results of this study showed that participants in Shenyang urban and rural residents who exercise the contrary, the prevalence of hypertension is higher than those who do not exercise, and general information does not match. This may be suffering from high blood pressure in the city until after the crowd noted a lack of exercise to good health hazards, thus the purpose of participation in sports related. In addition, in hypertensive patients, mostly elderly, while the elderly may be more young people, time, conditions to participate in exercise. The survey also found that eating salty in the city as a protective factor, which does not match to general information. This may be due to this study of salt intake without making a quantitative survey and urine sodium measurement to determine the amount of salt, lack of objectivity about. In addition, because this is only a single factor analysis of various factors, not fully take into account the interference of confounding factors, which may also be the relationship between certain factors and hypertension is different from other data reason.ConclusionsThe results suggest that:hypertension prevalence rate in Shenyang City is higher than in rural areas, and are at a higher level, has become a health hazard to urban and rural residents'one of the most important health problems. Age, sex, smoking history, BMI index, genetic factors, physical exercise history is associated with hypertension. Should be enhanced the prevention and control of high blood pressure, especially in rural areas, and to enhance education on healthy lifestyles and health promotion in order to control of hypertension risk factors.
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