A Study On Related Factors And Intervention Effect Of Anxiety And Depression In Pregnant Women And Maternity

With the development of medical science and the change of medical model, physical and mental health has been paid more and more attention in clinical departments, including Obsterics and Gynecology. Although pregnancy and delivery are natural, from pregnancy to childbirth, pregnant women are undergoing a very strong physical and emotional experience. Experiencing pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum recovery and breastfeeding baby, they will produce a variety of physiological and psychological changes. Anxiety and depression are the most common. In 2004, Jonathan made a forward-looking longitudinal study about anxiety and depression on 8323 pregnant women and found that, among pregnant women of 18 weeks and 32 weeks, the anxiety rates were 14.6% and 15.6%, depression rates were 11.4% and 12.1%. In China, Tang Yuefen found that the the anxiety rates were 10.8% and 6.6%, and the depression rates were both 6.9%, among pregnant women of 16 weeks and 38-40 weeks. In recent years, people have concerned postpartum depression a lot. Because of various research methods and geographical differences, the postpartum depression rate reported is different, it is 3.5%-33% abroad and 3.85%-18.48% in China, reported by Yang Fengjuan. As negative emotion, anxiety and depression do not only do hazards to pregnant women, maternity, fetus and infant, but also, they can affect the harmony of family and society.Research purposeConcerned about the high incidence and much harm of anxiety and depression, we investigate the related factors of maternal anxiety and depression in different stages, intervene psychologically from pregnancy to postpartum, analyse intervention effect, and formulate a series of valid and practical measures to reduce maternal negative emotion, improve maternal quality of life, urge the growth of young children, promote harmony of family and society.Research subject and methodResearch subjectsIntervention group 50 women diagnosed early pregnancy (consistent with the inclusion criteria) in our hospital from 2007.12.1 to 2008.1.31.Control group pregnant women and maternity examined prenatally, delivering and examined postnatally (consistent with the inclusion criteria) in our hospital from 2007.12.1 to 2008.3.31, 50 cases in every stage.The two groups showed no significant difference.Inclusion criteria: (1) Voluntary participation in this study; (2) Primary or higher, understand the content and be able to coordinate with investigation; (3) Live in Changchun after delivery for 45 days at least and persist in examining and delivery in our hospital.Exclusion criteria: (1) refuse to collaborate; (2) have the history of mental illness; (3) have a serious physical illness.Research methodsUsing SAS, SDS, EPDS scals and self-designed questionnaire, to the control group, we investigate the related factors and the incidence of anxiety and depression in different stages. And to the intervention group, we do not only investigate, but also do psychological intervention according to the investigation.ResultAccording to the results of scals and questionnaire, the intervention group of early pregnancy has no difference with the control group (P>0.05) in the same stage. After psychological intervention, the SAS and SDS scores between two groups are significantly different (P<0.05) in late pregnancy, 7 days and 42 days after delivery. Comparison the depression rates checked by SDS and EPDS, the rate by EPDS is significantly lower than that by SDS (P<0.05) in pregnant women, but in maternity there is no difference (P>0.05). According to the results of questionnaire, there are several related factors of anxiety and depression in different stages. Conclusion1. Pregnant women and maternity have susceptibility to anxiety and depression, and there are several related factors in different stages.2. The whole follow-up survey to pregnant women and maternity can find related factors of anxiety and depression, so that more targeted psychological care could be carried out.3. Full-track psychological intervention can effectively reduce score of SAS and SDS scales in pregnant women and maternity, so that it can mitigate their anxiety and depression.4. We would better not use EPDS scale to check depression in pregnant women, but when checking postnatal depression, SDS and EPDS can both be used.This study shows that, by full-track survey and psychological intervention to pregnant women and maternity, medical staff can not only know about the related factors of anxiety and depression in different stages, but also, can reduce the score of SAS and SDS scales, mitigate their anxiety and depression. What is more, it is of great significance for clinical work and scientific research in the future.