Survey Of The Level Of Humoral Immunity In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Survey of the level of humoral immunity in Type 2 diabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitus(DM) is a syndrome that lead to metabolism disorder of carbohydrates,fat and protein due to the relative or absolute lack of insulin,as well as varying degrees of insulin resistance.1997 World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Diabetes Federation showed that the total number of diabetes around the world was about 130 million.After cardiovascular diseases and tumors,DM has become the the third-largest non-communicable diseases in developed countries,which has become a public health problem that has serious threat to human health.Over the same period,our survey results showed that prevalence rate of DM was 2.51%,in which 70%was newly discovered.The incidence rate is about 12.4%over the age of 30 years. Diabetes-related mortality has been increasing by years.DM has become a focus of prevention and treatment in medical and health work of our country.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) accounts for about 90 percent of the total number of patients,which has obvious genetic predisposition and genetic heterogeneity.The metabolic disorders caused by T2DM is relevant to the involved,interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors.In recent years,studies suggests that abnormal immune regulation may play a central role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes.So with the prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes continuing to rise,the evaluation of type 2 diabetes patients' immune status has great significance to clinical estimate for the possibility of patient to receive treatment,the development of treatment strategies and prognosis.The relationship between diabetes and immunization has a lot of research, but there is little about the humoral immunity of type 2 diabetes,and result is also not exactly the same.This study concerns on the level of immunoglobulin, complement of patients with diabetes,through comparing the level of humoral immune between different course,infections,microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes and the healthy controls people,aim to illustrate the effects of humoral immune factors in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes the role of clinical evaluation for type 2 diabetes,providing the clinic treatment with theretical basis and direction.Materials and Methods:We selected 72 diabetics who came to the endocrinology branch of our hospital from March 2007 to December 2008.There are 43 males and 29 females whose mean age is 56.6±11.5 and course of disease is 7.7±6.3 years,FBG 10.90±3.20 mmol/L,while among the 35 persons of the Healthy control group,there are 19 males and 16 females whose mean age is 54.9±13.4 years,FBG 3.9±1.8 mmol/L.Their sex and age match with T2DM group.Diabetic patients is divided into groups according to duration.Group 1:0～5 years,33 cases;Group 2:5～10 years,21 cases; Group 3:over 10 years,18 cases.According to complications,the T2DM group is divided into infection group(12 cases);microvascular disease group(29 cases: retinopathy disease 9 cases,kidney disease 12 cases,8 cases combined retinal and kidney disease);Simple group is 31 cases for non-merger infection and microvascular disease patients.A biochemical testing was made after 8-12 hours'tasting to measure tasting blood glucose levels(FBG),2 hours postprandial hyperglycemia(PBG2h),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc), immunoglobulin(IgA,IgG,IgM) and complement(C3,C4).All the statistical analysis were dealt with SPSS 13.0 software.All measurement data was delivered through means value standard errand(x±s).We analyzed the two groups through t test analysis.The case of P＜0.05 have statistical meaning.Results:(1) The comparison between the T2DM group and healthy control group:the IgG of T2DM group is lower than that o-f the control group (P＜0.05),while IgA is significantly higher(P＜0.01),The comparisons has statistical meaning.Complement C3,C4 levels is significantly higher(P＜0.01,p＜0.05).Serum IgM level has no significant change(P＞0.05).(2)The comparison between different course of Diabetic patients:the serum IgG levels of 6～10 years group is lower than 0～5years(P＜0.05).Complement C3 levels is significantly higher(P＜0.05).The change of IgA,IgM,C4 has no statistically significant.(P＞0.05).The serum IgG Level of over 10 years patient is higher than 0～5 years(P＜0.01),while IgA is higher(P＜0.05).Complement C3,C4 levels is higher.(P＜0.01;P＜0.05),and the change of C3 has statistical meaning.IgA levels has not statistical significance(P＞0.05).(3) The comparison between infection group and Simple group:level of serum IgA,Complement C3 is significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Change of IgG,IgM,C4 has not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(4) The comparison between microvascular disease group and Simple group:level of serum IgG decreases significantly(P＜0.05).While IgA levels increases significantly(P＜0.01),The comparisons has significant statistical meaning.Complement C3,C4 levels is significantly higher than Simple group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The change of IgM levels has not statistical significance(P＞0.05).Conclusion.(1) The level of immunoglobulin and complement in T2DM has change or imbalance.(2) The level of immunoglobulin and complement in T2DM are closely related to the course of disease.(3) The imbalance of immunoglobulin and complement is increased by microvascular disease and infection.