The Preliminary Study Of Synthetic Assessing Multi-factor System Of Psychological Stress

Stress is a common physical and psychological phenomenon. There has been a long history of the study about it. Since 1930's, The concepts and related theoretical models include follows: (1) Stress is stimulus leading stress response of individuals;(2) Stress is the response of the individuals against the stimulus;(3) Stress is the intermediary variable between the stressor and the stress response. (4) Stress is a multi-factor process."Stress" is a developing concept. With the continuous deepening and improving study about psychological stress theory, Jiang qianjin has been studying the factors involved in the psychological stress and has presented the theory called "multi-factor system of stress". That is, stressis a system which includes stressors> stress response and many other relative factors adjust to or control each other. "Stress" is a multi-factor concept including life events > cognition appraisal > coping style ^ social support > personality traits > psychosomatic reaction and as well related psychological, sociological and biological factors. The study about the theory of multi-factor system of stress is one of the newest stress researches.Nowadays many investigators try to prove the interactions and relations between the multiple factors involved in stress by the demonstrative way, which relates to the assessment of the stress factors. Since 1980's, the study about measurement for the stress related factors has been developing fast and many questionnaires about the psychological stress related factors were developed and mended. But as there were differences in base of theories > classification and tested groups, the different scales evaluating the same stress factor have different characteristics and the right extent. Through the many-year study of the relationship between the psychological stress related factors and health, Jiang qianjin developed PSSG in 1990's used to group comparison analysis. PSSG has reliability and validity to a certain extent, and can reflect synthetic subjective assessment of the group psychological stress in condition of comparative group. But the items and computation of PSSG aren't elaborate and it isn't fit for individual'saccurate assessment. With the deepening of the stress research, a synthetic assessment tool for psychological stress is urgently needed.The thesis aims to develop a psychological stress scale which is a psychological stress evaluation tool integrating four main stress variables including life events > coping style> social support and stress response, and to explore the quantitive relations among these main variables. So that it might offer a simple > convenient and valid survey tool which can synthetically analyse the main stress variables, and offer a method not only for investigators to make clear the essential of stress from demonstration but also for the demonstration study to the psychological stress.The psychological stress scales in this study include four subscales of SRQ, LES, CSQ, PSSS and other general information (such as age, sex, education, career, physical quality, clinical diagnosis, et al). The scales were tested to total 2751 testees divided into 30 locations in various cities of Zhejiang province. Among 2751 cases, 131 cases were surveyed repeatedly after four weeks;11 leases were surveyed on themselves and the same time their relatives were asked to evaluate them according to the items;140 cases were surveyed with SCL-90, and 75 cases with EPQ, and 169 cases with SAS and SDS to offer validity and reliability analysis. The raw data were put into the computer and analysed with the statistical software SPSS. Item analysis> factor analysis> validity and reliabilityanalysis were used to deal with datum.The item analysis and factor analysis showed that the SRQXSQ and PSSS had good construct validity. LES is not fit to factor analysis, but the pearson correlation coefficients between various items and the total score showed its items had discrimination to a certain extent.The a coefficients of the four scales and every factor of the scales improved PSS had better isomeric quality and was up to the standards of the general survey questionnaire. Besides, the correlation coefficients between sum of related factors and item of SRQ> CSQ and PSSS improve from another point of view that the scales above-mentioned had nice internal consistency.The test-retest correlation coefficients of SRQK LES> PSSS> NC and PC of CSQ respectively was 0.886> 0.39^ 0.737 ^ 0.708 andO.778 (p<0.001) .The correlation coefficients between the questionnaires done by testees themselves and the relatives of SRQ> LES . PSSS^ NC and PC of CSQ respectively is 0.838? 0.462> 0.63K 0.615 and 0.760 (pO.OOl). The above data show SRQ> CSQ and PSSS have better stability, but both the test-retest correlation coefficients of LES and the correlation coefficients of the scale finished by testees themselves and the relatives are low. That is related to the involvement of the cognitive appraisal. The different individuals even the same individual at the different periods can have the different appraisals of the same life event. The test-retestreliability of LES counts on farther validating and checkout.There was significant positive correlation between the factors of SRQ and the factors of SRQ or factors of SCL-90> SAS > SDS which were used frequently as criterion variables in stress theory, and the same existed between NC of CSQ and the factors of SCL-90( except SCL-1)> the sum of SCL-9CK SAS^ SDS. There was not significant correlation between PC and SCL-90 ? SAS, but negative correlation between PC and SDS. The data showed that NC was highly correlated with psychosomatic symptom, but PC was not. The outcome was consistent with the designing rules and goals. There was high positive correlation between NC and N of EPQ, and between PC and E of EPQ, that show those whose emotion is unstable often adopt negative coping style and extravert people often adopt positive coping style. There was negative correlation between PSSS and SDS. There were significant correlations between LES and SCL-9CK SASn SDS, that show the scores of those who have obvious psychosomatic symptoms are high.To sum up, the theory bases of PSS are developing during the course from the process theory to the system theory of stress. PSS takes the multi-factor system theory as theory base and research background, so it has theory height to a certain extent.According to the outcome of reliability and validity analysis, all the scales of PSS have nice reliability and validity, and up to the standards ofthe general psychological scale.The theory of PSS is clear, and the number of its items is suitable so that it is convenient to manipulate. A relatively simple and effective survey tool is offered for the study about multi-factor system of psychological stress, at the same time a new method is offered for investigators to make clear the essential of stress from the demonstration point.