Effects Of Organic Manure On Soil Phosphorus And The Role Of P Fertilisation On Wheat Yield

Phosphorus is a elementary nutrient element for the growth and development ofplant. Available P deficiency in soil is a key factor of limiting the development ofagriculture in many regions, thereby the application of P fertilizer was significantlyincreased crop yields. As a result of special physical and chemical properties of soil, theutilization rate of crop on P fertilizer is low. Applying organic manure in agriculture isrecognized in our country all long. Many results showed that available P in soil wasincreased by adding organic manure, the effect of organic manure was higher thaninorganic P. However, report about dynamics changes of organic manure on available P isless. Many researches consider that the validity of P in organic manure was high anddurative, but no reliable proof. Effect of P fertilizer is connected with soil condition,adding fertilizer ways, water, nitrogen and crop specials. Ability of different crop utilizingP is difference. Total P is abundant in soil, many of the researches carried out haveconcentrated on how to breed variety for P efficiently utilization. Thereby, study ondifference of plant response on P is helpful. water and nutrients effectively to achieve thegoal of high yield, good quality and high efficiency. The methods of incubation experimentand culture experiment were used to study the effect of organic manure on available P,organic component in soil and the role of increasing wheat yields by P fertilizer. The mainexperimental results were shown as followings: (1) Available phosphorus increased muchly in soil by added organic manure. The roleof fresh beef feces was stronger and durative than that of rotten about increasing ofavailable phosphorus in soil. The role of organic manure in fertile soil was stronger thanthat in infertile soil. The capacity of fixating phosphorus in infertile soil was higher thanone in fertile soil. (2) Increasing value of available phosphorus decreased gradually with theprolongation incubated-time, fixation of phosphorus was occurred in soil. Availability ofphosphorus was declined. Organic manure enhanced solid phosphorus, as well as. Thedecline of available phosphorus was significantly correlated with the decrease of soilorganic matter, not with pH. The capacity of phosphorus adsorption in soil wasstrengthened after the decomposition of soil organic matter. (3) Application of phosphate fertilizer, organic manure increased soil available P, andthe effects of organic manure were more significant than phosphate fertilizer, there arehigher available P at maturity of wheat. (4) No difference was found in content and component of organic P for phosphatefertilizer added, while the increase was observed at initial stages by organic manureapplications, the reduction of organic P was observed with time postpone, there was nosignificant difference with control at maturity of wheat. The changes of organic P contentwas cause from Labile pool and Moderately Labile pool , Moderately Resistant pool andResistant pool were stable. There were significantly correlation for available P with totalorganic P, Labile pool and Moderately Labile pool, and unrelated with ModeratelyResistant pool and Resistant pool. The results of plantation and fallow were consistent. (5) Application of organic manure showed higher effect on crop yield than phosphatefertilizer, it might be related with the available supplying of phosphors nutrient. (6) Application of P fertilizer significantly increased yields of wheat. Increasingyield were lower at cutting tillers by P; higher at low plant density, the same resultsobtained by application of P on wheat at different times for sowing. (7) Harvesting ear numbers were high, however grains numbers per ear obviouslyreduced with high plant density and no cutting tillers; different results was observed withadded P. (8) No difference was found in P content by applying P, but increased in P uptakerate. It...