Research And Application On External Space Of Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries

For a long time, faith is a strong driving force to support human society survival and development .Religion is an important part of faith. Tibetan Buddhism is an important branch of Chinese Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in Tibetan as the special status, almost with all achievements of the Tibetan community in religious, scientific, cultural and artistic. Tibetan Buddhist monasteries inherited characteristic of Tibetan Buddhism's history and culture in the spatial patterns. Gelug Sect that is the last rise factions of Tibetan Buddhism, it is both a summary of the history about Tibetan Buddhism, also opens up a new direction. It combined with the political system in Tibet, eventually established the two systems about "theocracy" and "reincarnation of Living Buddhas", had a profound influence for the development of Tibetan society. And it circulated widely among the various nationalities, monasteries all over Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hebei and other regions. This paper selects three monasteries outside of Tibet: Labrang Monastery in Gansu, Tar Lamasery in Qinghai, Wudang Monastery in Baotou as the main object of study. It not only help to understand the culture and ideas of Gelug Sect embodied in the temple space, there also conducive to understanding the impact of space on the temple in the context of cultural exchange .The external space of Lamasery is surrounding by a the building, roads, squares, water, green and natural environment .It is the corporeal carrier of Lamasery 's religious, political, cultural, educational, historical and physical activities .This paper is based on the analysis of the space theory at home and abroad. By the measure of architecture, survey, and the analysis of related literature,this thesis tries to find the influence factors and the rules of the organization of the space form of Gelug Monastery and Provides theoretically basis for the restoration police to Gelug Monastery. Firstly,the thesis analysis all the factors that influence external space of Gelug Monastery, which includes natural environment and religious. Secondly, it analysis the external space shape of overall three monasteries, analyzed and summarized the differences and similarities of the external space between Gelug monasteries and temples of Chinese Buddhism. Then is analysis all the elements of external space, which includes street, boundary and node, and analysis combination of the aggregation and radiation balance and unity, hierarchy and sequence, summed up external space characteristics of the Gelug monasteries: 1. space to mind 2. architectural form consistency 3. deity space above the character space. At the end of it ,the three spatial characteristics of the above used to the planning of Wudang Lamasery as a reference, and as a reference for many other temples renew space .