The Research On Oil Spill Simulation And Emergency Countermeasure In Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The prevention of oil spill pollution is not only an important issue of the marine environment protection, but also an important aspect in the protection of inland rivers, especially in special protection areas. Since the sluice of the Three-Gorge Project, channel conditions have been improved, with better navigation capacity, growing number of docks and throughput for dangerous products, expanding traffic volume of ship, and enlargement trend of ship tpes. Meanwhile, lowing of flow velocity in the reservoir area, expanding near-bank pollution belt, sharply weakened self-cleaing capability of water, as well as the harder decomposition of contamination such as oil. There are a lot of water intakes, precious animal and plant resources, and fish resources in the reservoir area, which means once severe oil spill pollution happens, great damages to the water quality and ecosystem would be unavoidable.To protect the marine environment, a great number of research works have been done in and abroad, such as risk evaluation of oil spill, numerical simulation of the marine environment, oil spill simulation and the research on countermeasures in emergency. Parts of these researches suit the river and reservoir environment. The simulation of oil spill and countermeasures in emergency are important aspects in quick response to oil spill. The research on risk evaluation and numerical simulation of oil spill, emergency countermeasures in Three-Gorge reservoir areas has a lot of practical meaning in the improvement of environment protection, efficient control and prevention of ship pollution, as well as responses to oil spill accidents.The risk assessment of oil spill analyzes the potential risk sources and their risk levels, so as to optimize the contingency plans and resource arrangements. A series of research work in risk evaluation have been done on the sea, ports and oil tankers in and abroad. As the oil spill risk grows of Three-Gorge reservoir area, scientific evaluation methods should be selected together with the consideration of personal characteristics in each port in the evaluation of the potential risk sources and their risk levels.The oil spill model could predict the component, property and state changes during spreading, drifting and its final state, providing evidence for decision making in emergency, elimination method selection and damage evaluation. The key problem in the numerical simulation of the oil spill movement and fate lies in its real time and forecast precision, which are decided by the rapid and timely simulation of the environmental dynamic element in oil spill areas and the precise model construction of the changing physical and chemical characters under that circumstance. In this paper, the dynamic model of water in Wanzhou section, Three-Gorge reservoir area are proposed on the basis of the environment fluid dynamic mode EFDC, and numerical simulation of hydrodynamics under two typical hydrological conditions are carried out. And then use Oilmap, the internationally prevalent software, and has simulated the movement and final state of several schemes based on the above stated hydrodynamic numerical simulation results.Current oil spill emergency countermeasures main aims at accidents on the sea, while the difference between river reservoir areas and marine are quite obvious. Moreover, the oil types in the Three-Gorge reservoir area involve diesel oil, gasoline, lubricant, petroleum, naphtha, kerosene, aviation refined oil, fuel and so on, thus the oil spill emergency countermeasures and anti-pollution equipments should be planned in combined consideration of the oil types in transport, environment conditions, resource distribution (oil spill sensitive resource and emergency equipment resource) in Three-Gorge reservoir areas.The result of this paper is of great practical importance in reducing the sudden oil spill pollution and the damage it brings about, protecting resources and environment, as well as preparing in advance for the oil spill accidents. It would play as guidance to relevant departments in efficiently dealing with the oil spill pollution accident, and reducing the impact and damage to the minimum scale.