The Europe Cityscape Under The Influence Of Culture And Art Thoughts In Modern Times

The formation of urban landscape is a dynamic development process and an outward show of the physical environment and social life of the city; its constituent elements and influencing factors are multiple. The spatial form of the urban landscape shows the regional features or local colors based on the unique natural and cultural environment of each city and reflects the local characteristics in different degree in different places. The modern and contemporary age of Europe is a time of changing political structure and rapid economic development with surge of various artistic movements and trends. The urban landscape art also demonstrates vigor and vitality as influenced by various cultural and artistic thoughts; however, its development is not going gradually as affected by multiple factors.The paper studies the artistic design of European urban landscape under the influence of modern and contemporary European cultural and artistic trends and covers over two hundred years from the second half of the 18th century up to now. The paper sets the modern age as one stage during which the European urban landscape design focused on gardens and the style of classical gardens changed to naturalistic style. The Contemporary age is divided into two stages, namely pre-war stage and post-war stage. Before the Second World War, European countries started the construction of urban landscape under the extensive influence of modernistic movement and conducted useful exploration of the combination of art and landscape; and city parks built for the public emerged. After the Second World War, Europe suffered very severe brain drain and city damages due to the war, and the post-war re-construction brought about many new design concepts in consideration of saving energy and materials. As called by the current need for sustainable development, we can learn many techniques and concepts from this stage. Finally, the paper summarizes several major tendencies of the artistic design of modern urban landscape, analyzes and illustrates the theories behind the tendencies.Through above study, the paper, mainly based on the development of modern and contemporary artistic and cultural trends in Europe, illustrates the practice and exploration of the artistic design of urban landscape in various European countries, focusing on the major events and works that influence the development of urban landscape; it also attempts to find the design techniques worth learning through analysis of the event and works. The artistic design of urban landscape in China is gradually emerging and steadily developing; the theories and techniques of European designers are all shown in their works, so it would be very helpful and enlightening for China's urban landscape design to study and summarize their features and design techniques.