Studies On Multiplicity Of Collective Apartment In China

In China the collective apartment appeared first in the 1930s in some open port cities, which has experienced more than 70 year development courses. In the beginning, the standardized and industrialized methods are used to satisfy the residence quantity needs, after this was solved, the target was converted to satisfy the physiological demand, and subsequently it changed into the self-realization request. by then the multiple housing concern has aroused people's attention gradually.This article elaborated from four aspects the reasons for the form of the collective apartment, which has provided the breakthrough point to break the unitary type: 1st, the influence that the standardization brings; 2nd, the poor occupant participating; 3rd, the influence of West modernism; 4th,the separation from the traditional housing pattern . In Our country the exploration of the multiplicity of collective apartment mainly focus on the housing compatible concern. The housing compatibilities refer to the dynamic adaptation of housing itself to the occupants in the use process, for instance to the family population change, to the family structure change and so on. the compatible research is aimed at exploring the multiplicity of housing under the standardization condition .meanwhile the attempts are made to guide the occupant to participate in the design and the construction process .The west first generation of modernism trail blazers took the lead to start the compatible housing development and the exploration, and since the last century 60's the compatible housing theory has been becoming mature. Among these, the representative compatible housings include: Support body housing and cooperation type housing. Our country has introduced the compatible housing theory and method in the last century 80's, and put it into the practice of construct the collective apartment.In addition, the inclusion covers : SOHO housing, the youth apartment, the old age apartment, two generations occupy and many such kinds of type housing which are based on the different groups housing request.The compatible housing, as well as many kinds of type housing which are based on the different groups housing request are aimed at breaking through the unitary problem as well as the poor occupant participating and the influence the standardization brings s. while in view of the last two reasons, this article proposed own viewpoint. facing with the International -like which the modernism brings, as well as with the separation from the traditional housing pattern, Architectural Typology seeks the prototype from the history and the area, and thought that the design originates from the prototype, but surmounted the prototype, combing history and reality, individual and social, particular and universal perfectly. Not only in this may can we find the losing type that once has existed in the modern architecture time, but also we may develop more types and restore the the multiplicity of construction.