| As economy develops fast continually in China, traffic demand speeds remarkably. As a result, the problems of traffic safety become more and more seriously. It is very necessary to study on road accidents, on the condition that traffic accidents are on the rise in China, while they decreasing in developed countries and some other developing ones. In this paper, the current conditions of road safety are analyzed first, and then, the research status and its blank sites of road traffic accidents are analyzed. Thus, it establishes the object of research—methods of identifying and controlling risk factors in road accidents. In order to probe the process of road traffic accident and identify its risk factors, this paper analyzes accident-causing theory, based on which road accident-causing theory is put forward.After analyzing the existing methods of identifying risk factors in road accidents, the appropriate method is adopted to identify risk factors in road traffic system, which includes four small systems—systems of human being, vehicle, road and environment. In the meantime, Safety Check Lists are made out. The methods of accident prediction are comparatively studied in order to prevent and control road accidents effectively, and the guidelines and general procedures of prediction are introduced. In the light of gray characteristics of traffic accidents, GM(1,1) is employed to predict traffic accidents in Fuzhou and the outcome is examined. In the end, the elementary countermeasures for traffic safety are put forward.This paper considers system theory, information theory and cybernetics as polestars. After identifying all potential risk factors in traffic system, the effective countermeasures for traffic safety are put forward. It provides resources for administration department to prevent and reduce traffic accidents. Thus, the backward situation of preventing and controlling accidents is changed, and real safety one for traffic system is realized.
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