Laboratory Protection Studies Of Oil Formation By Chamicl Method

Petroleum well production impairment has long been associated with formation damage. The technology of oil formation protection is a system engineering through oil prospecting and exploitation. Every kind of liquids possess much effects and influences to oil formation they become important parts of oil formation protection and formation damage. In fact, every kind of liquids is the main factor of formation damage and it is the essential method of prevention formation damage. Engineers have long yearned to prevent, diagnose, and rededicate formation damage. The disagreement has been over how to accomplish it. These concerns continue to permeate the literature and various technical gatherings. Finally, SPE approved the formation of a formal symposium. The first Symposium on Formation Damage Control was held in 1974 in New Orleans. This was followed by symposia in Houston (1976), Lafayette, Louisiana (1978), and Bakersfield, California (1980). The location of the symposium alternated between Lafayette and Bakersfield until 1990, when Lafayette became the sole host of the symposium. In 1992, the SPE Board approved the international designation for the symposium. The 2000 Symposium was the silver anniversary of the event. During its 25 years, the symposium has grown from a regional event to today's major international symposium, attracting more than 800 participants from more than 30 countries representing 6 continents. Formation damage is an undesirable phenomenon encountered at any stages of well development and reservoir exploitation including oil and gas production, workover operations and hydraulic fracturing using water-based fracturing fluids. Fines migration and clay swelling have been recognized as the major causes of formation damage observed as permeability impairment. The damage is especially more severe in poorly lithified and low permeability formation with abundance of authigenic pore filling kaolinite, illite, smectite, chlorite and mixed layered clay minerals. Relative contributions to formation damage depend on mineral composition of reservoir rock and compatibility with the conditions of extraneous fluids. Fine particles that may contribute to permeability impairment include clay minerals, quartz, amorphous silica, feldspars, mica, carbonates and barites. The surface area of clay minerals are typically large because of their platy structures and small size. They, therefore, react promptly with fluids that come in contact with them. Two types of clay swelling may be visualized. The first type involves swelling of the formation due to clay sensitivity to fluids introduced into the formation even though there are no loose particles at the pore surface. The second type involves the swelling of pore lining authigenic clay particles. These particles absorb fluids and swell, and then, they are entrained by the flowing stream by hydrodynamic forces. The physicochemical and hydrodynamic processes leading to clay physicochemical and hydrodynamic processes leading to clay swelling,...