| In recent years, with the accelerated pace of industrial and agricultural production and production activities, the sudden environmental pollution accidents have occurred frequently, becoming a serious threat to human health, destroying the environment and making huge economic losses. The coal industry, petro industry, pharmaceutical and other chemical industry along the Songhua River are developing rapidly, so that the phenols or phenol-containing wastewater generated in the production process are growing rapidly. Therefore the probabilites that the Songhua River occurs the suddent phenol pollution accidents are growing sharply. In this paper, when the Songhua River occurs sudden phenol pollution accidents, the phenolic pollutants's migration and diffusion situation and activated carbon emergency measures were studied.Firstly, considering the hydraulic conditions of the Songhua River and the degradation characteristics of phenolic pollutants, the migration and diffusion model was used to analyze the migration and diffusion situation of phenolic pollutants in the Songhua River. In the near zone, with the distance changing, the pollutant's concentration decreased quickly in the shore, while the concentration first increased slightly and then decreased. This indicated that the pollutants migrated in the vertical direction accompanying lateral diffusion. In the far zone, phenolic pollutant concentrations decreased, and the wet period's concentration was less than the normal period, normal period's concentration was less then the dry period. For a fixed section, pollutant concentration increased and then decreased. By comparing the wet period, the normal period and the dry period's situation, the greater flow, the faster velocity, and the sooner that pollutants reached the peak, the lower the concentration. And then the phenolic pollutants will be removed more easily.According to the concentration levels of pollutants and the types of contaminated areas, the cases that the Songhua River occurred sudden phenol pollution accidents could be classified into 16 categories. The environmental assessment index was calculated with the eatablished warning-assessment system. Combined with warning grade standards, the appropriate warning level was determined, so that the appropriate emergency measures could be adopted.Different channel fast streaming technology were adopted to separate the contaminated water from other water according to the pollution condition. When there was a river wetland, floodplaints, etc., the interception dams and diversion channels were used to limit the phenolic pollutants in a relatively static region, and then the actived carbon was accumulated to treat the pollutants. When the red warning occurred, the dosage of activated carbon per unit volume was not less than 0.4126kg/m~3; 0.3367 ~ 0.4126kg/m~3 for orange warning; 0.0385 ~ 0.3367kg/m~3 for yellow warning; 0.0385kg/m~3 for blue warning. When the pollution area was relatively large and there was tributary nearby, the diversion dike was used to lead the phenolic pollutants into the tributary which had the small cross-section, so that the activated-carbon-block-adsorption net (ACBA net) could be set easily. The basic form of ACBA net was that the sacks full of activated carbon were hanged onto the sparse nets of fisheries, where the sack's size is 0.6×0.9m2 type, the horizontal distance of sacks is 0.35m, the vertical distance is 0.53m, and the distance of nets is 1m. When the red warning occurred, more than 10 pieces ACBA nets would be set per 3000 meters; 8 ~ 10 pieces for orange warning;1 ~ 8 pieces for yellow warning; 1 piece for blue warning. The 7km open channel of Harbin Coal Chemical Co., Ltd. was used to verify the effect, and the results showed that using this method to handle the suddent phenol pollution accident was reasonable and effective. |
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