Study On The Taxonomy And Faunistic Characters Of Family Lumbrineridae (Annelida: Polychaeta) From China Seas

Lumbrineridae Schmarda, 1861 belongs to the Class Polychaeta, Phylum Annelida. They are distributed all over the world, as important roles in the marine ecosystem. They are very common in China seas distributed from the intertidal areas to the subtidal areas. However, there is no systematical taxonomic study on the family mainly because of small sizes of the specimens leading to difficulties on collecting and identifying them. Therefore, it is necessary to develop taxonomic and faunistic studies on the family Lumbrineridae from China seas.After carefully checking more than 1000 specimens deposited in the Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Qingdao, China) combined with the specimens collected from China seas in recent years and based on reading the literatures and comparing the holotypes of certain species, the author takes comprehensive and systematical taxonomic and faunistic studies on the family Lumbrineridae species from China seas. The results as followes:Firstly, 15 species belonging to 10 genera are recorded in the present paper, including two new species and four new recorded species. Detailed descriptions of taxonomic characters of all the identified species are provided in the present paper, as well as morphological chart.Secondly, the author takes systematical taxonomic revisions of the family Lumbrineridae species from China seas, and clarifies the errors and confusions present in taxonomic studies of some species especially the common species.Thirdly, analysis of the faunistic characters of the family Lumbrineridae reveals that the Lumbrineridae species from China seas are similar to those from Japanese coastal waters. Otherwise, family Lumbrineridae from China saes has two endemic species, about 13 percent of total amount.List of Chinese Lumbrineridae species (Those with"**"and"*"represent the new species and the new recorded species fron China seas respectively) Family Lumbrineridae Schmarda, 1861 Genus Augeneria Monro, 1930, sensu Orensanz, 1973 *Augeneria albidentata (Ehlers, 1908) Genus Eranno Kinberg, 1865, sensu Orensanz, 1990 **Eranno carrerari sp. nov. Genus Helmutneris Carrera-Parra, 2006 *Helmutneris flabellicola (Fage, 1936) Genus Kuwaita Mohammad, 1973 Kuwaita heteropoda (von Marenzeller, 1879) Genus Loboneris Carrera-Parra, 2006 Loboneris pterignatha (Gallardo, 1968) Genus Lumbrinerides Orensanz, 1973 *Lumbrinerides dayi Perkins, 1979 Genus Lumbrineris de Blainville, 1828 Lumbrineris inflata Moore, 1911 Lumbrineris japonica von Marenzeller, 1879 Lumbrineris latreilli Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1834 **Lumbrineris sinensis sp. nov. Genus Ninoe Kinberg, 1865 *Ninoe japonica Imajima & Higuchi, 1975 Ninoe palmata Moore, 1903Genus Scoletoma de Blainville, 1828, sensu Frame, 1992 Scoletoma impatiens (Claparède, 1868)Scoletoma longiforlia (Imajima & Higuchi, 1975) Genus Sergioneris Carrera-Parra, 2006 Sergioneris nagae (Gallardo, 1968)Brief descriptions of the new species:Eranno carrerai sp. nov.Diagnosis. Prostomium depressed conical, slightly longer than basal wide, with pair of nuchal organs at dorsallateral junction, ventrally with well developed buccal lips. Peristomium shorter than prostomium, anterior ring slightly longer than posterior. Both rings are incomplete with a lower lip of globular papillae ventrally.All parapodia well developed. First parapodium smaller than the followings. Anterior parapodia with inconspicuous prechaetal lobes and auricular postchaetal lobes. Prechaetal lobes slightly developed in median parapodia. Pre- and postchaetal lobes of parapodium 25 subequal in size, both lobes truncated. Median and posterior parapodia become slender, postchaetal lobes slightly digitiform. From chaetiger 69, postchaetal lobes prolonged and digitiform, prechaetal lobes conical, shorter than postchaetal.Simple multidentate hooded hooks from chaetiger 13, with long hood, with up to seven teeth. In median parapodia, simple multidentate hooded hooks become of two different sizes, with short hood, with up to eight teeth, proximal tooth bigger. In posterior parapodia, all simple multidentate hooded hooks of similar size, with short hood, with up to six teeth, proximal tooth bigger. Limbates present from the first parapodium, slender and small, larger in anterior parapodia, extremely elongated with slend tips in median parapodia, slenderer than those of median parapodia in posterior parapodia. Dorsal limbates in chaetigers 1-70, ventral limbates in chaetigers 1-23. Acicula yellow, aristate, with up to four in anterior parapodia, two in median parapodia, one in posterior parapodia.Mandibles transparent, shaft slender and long, divided for about half its length, slightly longer than maxillary apparatus. Maxillary apparatus with five pairs of maxillae. Maxillary carriers shorter than MI, constricted in anterior end. MI forceps-like with attachment lamella well developed; MII shorter than MI, about half as long as MI, with four teeth, attached to MI by long and narrow connecting plates; MIII unidentate; MIV with single prominent tooth, plate deeply incised above tooth. MV large, partly fused with MIV.Pygidium with two digital anal cirri.Etymology: This species is named in honor of Dr. Luis F. Carrera-Parra in recognition of his systematical studies on Lumbrinerides and his guide on our research.Lumbrineris sinensis sp. nov.Diagnosis. Prostomium conical, longer than basal wide, with pair of nuchal organs at dorsallateral junction, ventrally with well developed buccal lips. Peristomium shorter than prostomium, anterior ring slightly longer than posterior ring, and the first peristomial ring is ventrally incomplete and the second peristomial ring is projected forward ventrally as a muscular lip.All parapodia well developed, first four parapodia smaller than the followings. Anterior parapodia with short, rounded prechaetal lobes and auricular postchaetal lobes. Pre- and postchaetal lobes of parapodium 30 similar in size, both lobes digitiform. Prechaetal lobes of last third of the body length elongated, gradually increasing to become quite longer than postchaetal lobes.Composite multidentate hooded hooks present in chaetigers 1–23, with short blade, with up to seven teeth of similar size; simple multidentate hooded hooks present from chaetiger 24, with short hood, with up to five teeth, proximal tooth bigger than others. Dorsal limbates present in chaetigers 1-36, ventral limbates present in chaetigers 1–16. Aciculae yellow, aristate, up to two in anterior parapodia, one in posterior parapodia.Mandibles transparent, shaft slender, long, divided for about half length of mandibles. Maxillary apparatus with five pairs of maxillae; MI forceps-like with attachment lamella well developed; MII as long as MI, with wide connecting plates slightly developed, with four teeth; MIII unidentate; MIV unidentate, prominent; MV free, prominent, lateral to MIV and MIII.Pygidium with two pairs of digital anal cirri.Etymology. The species is named for its type localities in coastal areas of China.