Preliminary Research Of Grateloupia C.Ag. Of Family Halymeniaceae From The Liaoning Coast

Grateloupia C.Ag. belongs to Rhodophyta mollusca, order Cryptonemiales, family Halymeniaceae, it is worldwide algae of warm-temperature. There are a total of 32 species of genus Grateloupia in China, and 7 in Liaoning, It is the largest one in Halymeniaceae Rhodophyta. It's geographical distribution include adjacent waters of Asia. Quantities of species in this genus have been used of food, medicine and industry, which has been regarded as one of the most difficult genera in Rhodophyta, up to now, a decent Phylogenetic tree has not been constructed. The external morphology of algae of genus Grateloupia is a lot of variation, the same species has prodigious morphology because of difference of ecological environment and region. Distinction and identification of algae is very difficult, but it is less known on taxonomic status and phylogenetics of some species. From September 2006 to September2008, an investigation on the resources of the bethinc algae from Liaoning coast and preliminary reseach about species composition and ecological characteristics were conducted. Total of 10 species of Grateloupia C.Ag. were found, and two of which are new records in Liaoning coast: Grateloupia elliptica Holmes, and Grateloupia ramosissima Okamura. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out by using partial segment of rbcL gene to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among 3 species in genus of Grateloupia from the Liaoning: Grateloupia elliptica Holmes, Grateloupia asiatica Kawaguchi et Wang, and Grateloupia turutur f. latissima, it possess very important significance for reseach of taxonomic status of Grateloupia C.Ag., clearing evolution relationship and taxonomic status between genus, establishing phylogenetic tree, deeply defining relationship. And provide important references for phylogenetic reseach of family Halymeniaceae. Approximately 700bp fragments were obtained by PCR. After sequenced, the sequence variations were analyzed and the phylogenetic trees were constructed by Neighbor-joining(NJ), Minimum evolution(ME), Maximum parsimony(MP) and UPGMA methods. The results suggested that Grateloupia elliptica distributed in Liaoning and Japan classified as a branch, the base differences belong to the relationship between genus (29～36bp,4.9﹪～6.0﹪), its accurate taxonomic status should be deeply researched through analizing Grateloupia elliptica distributed in Zhejiang coast; Grateloupia asiatica (Grateloupia dichodoma by Flora Algarum Marinarum Sinicarum) and which distributed in China and Japan classified as a branch, the base differences belong to the relationship between species(2～8bp,0.3﹪～1.3﹪), there doesn't exist Grateloupia dichodoma, what named it is corrected Grateloupia asiatica. Grateloupia turuturu f. latissima (Grateloupi latissima by Flora Algarum Marinarum Sinicarum) and Grateloupia turuturu distributed in New Zealand classified as a branch, the base differences between Grateloupia latissima and Grateloupia turutuur belong to the relationship between species (5～12bp, 0.8﹪～2.0﹪), and we temporarily name Grteloupia turuturu f. latissima, whose accurate taxonomic status should be deeply researched, integrating Gretaloupia latissima distributed in Shandong and Japan.