Study On Eco-scape Patterns Alongside Coastal Highway In Coastal Economic Belt In Liaoning

In this study, taking the restoration of ecological environment along the coastal highway and the production mechanism of traffic pollution and purification system of green plants, through surveys of air pollution, road runoff pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution along the highway and the diversity of plants and animals, it revealed the variation of the ecological environment along the highway; calculating the purification ability of green plants through mathematical modeling, it put forward the basic mathematic model and basic landscape pattern of ecological landscape for coastal highways, and the six ecological landscape pattern of coastal highway’s different pollution forms, as well as the four ecological landscape pattern for the different landscape sections of coastal highways. This study first proposed the design idea and method of the highway ecological landscape, achieved the quantification of total traffic pollution and the ecological function of green plants, and established the basic mathematic model and basic landscape mode regarding the purification of traffic endogenous pollution, which erected a bridge between ecological restoration goal and landscape form, and were able to guide the construction practice of coastal highway’s ecological landscape systematically and accurately. The specific research results are as follows:(1). It proposed the basic mathematic model and basic landscape pattern for the ecological landscape of coastal highways. Through the theoretical analysis on the mechanism of traffic pollution, it thought that the traffic pollution sources can be summarized as car exhaust, road dust and road runoff, but the road ecosystem is an open system, which must had endogenous contaminants flew out of the system and exogenous contaminants flew into the system. The study suggested that the heavy metal pollution generated by road traffic was the source of endogenous pollution and the "source" of heavy metals was mainly from vehicle exhaust (gasoline consumption), abrasion in the brake’s back lining and the friction in the rubber tire. Different heavy metals attached to different sizes of aerosols and fell back into the road ecosystem with the dry and wet deposition of the atmosphere, which finally could be absorbed by leaves of plants or roots or purified by wetland, so that to complete the flow process of traffic endogenous heavy metal in the road ecosystem. Therefore, taking the absorption and purification of heavy metals as the goal, it established the basic mathematical model of the ecological landscape. Using this model, as long as controlling the road’s traffic volume and the PM10concentration in the air, it could obtain the required width of the belt according to the different canopy densities of forest; using this mathematical mode, and taking the plant configuration and species selection in the basic mode to improve the effect of dust removal as the basis, it proposed the basic pattern of ecological landscape.(2). It proposed the six ecological landscape pattern of coastal highway’s different pollution forms. In terms of air purification, survey results are used to calculate the total volume of pollutants. Besides, the dry deposition model is used to forecast the total amount of plants required to purify equivalent pollutants. Moreover, this paper proposes the mathematical model for measuring greening and purifying air of the highway. By combing the structural analysis on forest belt and the selection of plant species, this paper also proposes the ecological landscape model of purifying air. With respect to purifying wastewater of road runoff, this paper proposes the artificial wetland pattern of purifying road runoff pollution by utilizing the outflow laws of pollutants and the artificial wetland k-C*model and obtaining parameters of the artificial wetland with related experiences used for reference. In terms of purifying soil pollution, this paper specifies the spatial scale of roadside soil pollution, works out the average capability of purifying soil by greening plants with the mathematical model, proposes the critical value of arbor absorbing these heavy metals, and proposes the ecological landscape pattern of purifying soil by combining the layout structure of forest belt and the selection of plant species. In terms of noise reduction, this paper proposes the ecological landscape pattern of the noise reduction forest belt based on geometrical parameters of noise reduction forest belts in different acoustic environment functional zones worked out with noise monitoring data and mathematical model. With respect to roadside plants, an analysis is made to work out species composition and diversity changes of plants alongside the coastal highway through calculation of importance value of species, similarity index, richness index, Simpson diversity index, and Pielou evenness index. With forestry communities within the width of50km distant from the coastal line of Liaoning as the planting design blueprint of the protective forest belt of the coastal highway, Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus mongolica community is taken as examples to propose the ecological landscape pattern based on plant species diversity protection. With respect to animal species crossing the highway,23animal species (including subspecies) are found in the survey. Relatively great differences exist in species and frequency of crossing animals in different ecological environment sections. Based on this, the ecological landscape pattern of protecting crossing highway animal species is proposed with amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals as main protection targets and with tubular culvert as the main channel pattern.(3). It proposed the four ecological landscape pattern for the different landscape sections of coastal highways. Based on ecological landscape patterns used to purifying different pollutions and the environmental quality in different landscape sections, the ecological landscape patterns based on different landscape sections had been put forward.