The Choice On The Time And Nationality

In May 4^th Movement Period, science was the important banner of the New Culture Movement. One important social trend of thought at that time was publicizing scientific knowledge, advocating scientific methods and promoting scientific spirit. This trend of thought influenced deeply on the prevailing thoughts, culture, science and technology program.During that period, the Western philosophy's progressively extending to the East began its initial prosperity. Life Philosophy, Positivism, pragmatism, Machism and Marxism were spread into China at this time, which all had their own supporters, most of them becoming the backbones of the "Metaphysic Group",the "Science Group",and the"Historical Materialistic Group"in the argument between the Science Group and the Metaphysics Group. While, the "Science Group", a combination of two forces, contained not only some human scientists but also some natural scientists. Since the May 4^th Movement Period, especially the reform and opening up, the academia has launched a universal and thorough research into the social trend of thought in May 4^th Movement Period. However, the studies of the "Science Group" which was the important force to advocate science were relatively less. Some scholars just studied one particular view of science of the "Science Group" or the topic of argument between the "Science Group" and the Metaphysics Group, regarding the "Science Group" as a whole without any study of its thought.To memorize the 90^th anniversary of May 4^th Movement, it is of great thoughtful and social importance to bring us back to that exciting history, trace their trend of thoughts, and retrieve to the advocation of rational spirituality and positivist spirituality, either in recalling the history of Western Philosophy's Progressively Extending to the East or providing materials for the study of methodology nowadays.In this essay, the cause of the scientific methods trend climax is analyzed . It is held in this essay that the Western Philosophy's Progressively Extending to the East lashed Chinese traditional concepts and thinking method aggressively. Some sensible scholars, especially the "Science Group" in the argument between the Science Group and the Metaphysics Group, launched a new phrase in Chinese academic studies and scientific development by widely absorbing some scientific methodologies from the groups, such as Machism and pragmatism, and applying them in the academic and scientific studies.In this essay, the scientific methodologies of the Science Group in the argument between the Science Group and the Metaphysics Group in May 4^th Movement Period is highlighted, and the members of the group is divided into two categories: human scientists and natural scientists. What they had in common in their scientific way of thinking is concluded from furthering categorizing the theoretical origins of their thoughts. That is, not like the earlier scholars, they realized the unification of induction and deduction but still lacked thorough knowledge of the latter. Otherwise, they promoted Positivism by advocating scientific methods and inherited the tradition of the Western positivists in repulsing metaphysics. While, their diversions lie in that the human scientists paid more attention to publicize thinking methods, while the natural scientists specific scientific methods. With the scientific way of thinking of the "Science Group" having a deep influence in the field of academia, philosophy, society and history, they had some achievements in the microcosmic text criticism and the distinguishing of some minor details. However, they ignored the difference between nature and human society, resulting in the generalization of scientific methods.At last, judgment was made for the trend of thoughts of the "Science Group". And pointed out that due to the survival and development of the Chinese nation, the urgent need for the modernization of China's science, science in China has become a historical necessity, the needs of the times. Because of the generalization of scientific methods, the "Science Group" in Science and Metaphysics controversy exaggerated the times of the culture when they are dealing with the relationship between the nationality and times, which led to the position of total Westernization. Therefore, this paper argues that, in dealing with the issue of Chinese and Western culture, it is necessary to inherit and carry forward the characteristics and advantages of Chinese traditional culture and moral culture of the aesthetic, but also merge Western science, "Lord - off" way of thinking and the "subjectivity" into the spirit of Chinese culture, so that the two merge into one.