Scientific Case Study Of China's Scientific Concept Of Development

The chief aim of this present work is to investigate the perspective of science of modern times in China. Studying the perspective of science is one part of the scientific ideology research, which is an embranchment of the research of Chinese ideology. There have been a number of research works on Chinese scientific ideology since 1980 s. The investigation we are carrying on lies in two aspects, one is the aspect of inner history of science, and the other is external history of science. Along with the socialization of science and the scientific knowledge being more and more important in the field of human thought, the author considers that the research of scientific ideology will have a major effect on the research of Chinese ideology. At the same time, because in modern times the western big powers invaded China, science was passively introduced from western world. This introduction could be comprehended as the communication and impact between two cultures. However the process is never ended. We should keep a level-headed comprehension with all problems about science.How to understand science is determined by the context. We choose the philosophy of science as theory context. The method used in our study is known as case study. These cases are Yan Fu's perspective of science, Hu Shi's perspective of science, the controversy between Chinese medicine and western science, meteorology study by Zhu Kezhen, Chinese mathematic history study by Li Yan, the arguments between two genetics, the development of Chinese scientific community, and so on. Both Yan Fu and Hu Shi understood science from the relationship between science and philosophy, the former was from science and metaphysics, the latter was from science and the basic belief of people. Yan Hu used the knowledge of natural science and Darwinism to reconstruct the Chinese traditional view about Heaven and Tao. Hu Shi affirmed method consciousness of common people and considered it good for them to think and settle problems in a scientific way. In the argument between the Chinese medicine and Western medicine, some medical men who learned Western medicine argued against the Basic theory of Chinese medicine and put forward the opinion of abolishing Chinese medicine. Furthermore they regarded Chinese medicine as unbelievable non-science. The Chinese medicine doctors were forced of saving themselves and proposing to combine the two medicines or turn the Chinese medicine into science. They proved Chinese medicine to be right and valid from three aspects, viz. basic theory, pathology, and cure method. This case suggests the opinion of science and non-science at that time, in other words, it reflects the demarcation problem in philosophy of science. In the analysis of the study on meteorology, we choose normal science as the starting point and acquaint ourselves with the scientific research of China in 1930 s. In the process of meteorology study, the framework of the theory is standard and the method the researcher used is strict and steady. Furthermore, the description and the explanation in the meteorology study accorded with the scientific criterion. The researcher's consciousness of the method enriched the content of Chinese scientific ideology. Li Yan arranged the ancient mathematic accomplishment of ancient China. His work established the foundation of history study of Chinese mathematics. His work also provided us guiding information to understand the relationship between pure mathematics and applied mathematics. The development of two genetics showed that science is not only a form of knowledge, methodology, and standardization form, but also a cultural phenomenon. The scholars at that time recognized that the argument and evaluation inevitably had been get involved in all sorts of changeable community factors. These community factors were the basic belief of people, the intercourse among scientists, influence of academic authority, and so on. In spite of the community factors, the scholars expected that theevaluation of scientific theories be impersonal by the whole way. Some scholars claimed that the experiment should be repeatable, so it is evident that the attributes of the scientific theory and scientific achievement would determine the value. Absolutely science has connections with existence. In the study of scientific community, we show the history of Chinese scientific community and summarize the main form and character in the five periods. Moreover, according as the research of Nanjing national government and the research of the liberate area in the War of Resistance Against Japan, we discussed the relation between scientific research and the fate of the nation, and of the society construct. As for the value in the process of the institution of science, we also remarked on.The results of the study indicate that the Chinese perspective of science has two aspects, one is to be, the other is ought to be. Besides this we point out that the Chinese perspective of science represented in the cases reveals certain gradual advance. The advance is: in the early 20th century, people understood from the aspect of relation between science and philosophy, especially Chinese traditional view of Heaven and Tao, in 1930s they distinguished science and non-science concretely and acquainted themselves with science from the view of normal science and scientific methodology, then they were aware that the inner argument and estimate in science and convinced of the outer surrounding science needed. We explain the reasons of the gradual advance from the history of society and the inner history of science. At last we discuss the impact of the Chinese perspective of science, mainly on its impact on the Chinese theory thought. The author suggest that the Chinese perspective of science enriched the content of Chinese scientific ideology, changed the cognition of nature, completed the natural philosophy of Chinese, and reconstructed the view of knowing and action. â– ...