Morphological And Anatomical Studies On Sambucus Sieboldiana(Miq.) Blume Ex Graeb

Sambucus sieboldiana(Miq.)Blume ex Graeb is a perennial deciduous shrub of Sambucus Linn in Caprifoliaceae.It is mainly distributed in the northeast,northern China,northwest,southwest of China,partly in Japane and Korean Peninsula.It has been primarily studied on its chemical composition,the pharmacological action,the nutrition health care aspect and the comfiguration of the pollen.Sambucus sieboldiana was the plant that takes emerging has the ecology and the economical dual benefit tree,has the extremely high development use value.The structure of the roots,stems,leaves,bud,flowers,fruit and seed of Sambucus sieboldiana were studied through paraffin section method.It provides a new data for botanical theory and ensures its classification position on taxonomy.The relationship between the structure and environment was discussed. The results are as follows:1.The primary structure of root of Sambucus sieboldiana:It has Actinostele,primary xylem is exarch, primary phloem located between primary xylems like an island.The pith is shaped in the middle.The primary xylem of root(seminal root) his of diarch.The Casparian strip is not clear in the endodermis.2.The primary structure of its stem:It belong to eustele,primary xylem is endarch.There's aboundant of pith in the mid of stem.The crystalloid clusters exist in the cortex,phloem parenchyma and pith cells.The ratio of timber(xylem and pith) and tegument(phloem and cortex) of annual stem is big,which can reflect its strong growth.3.The secondary structure of root and stem of Sambucus sieboldiana:has similar characteristics, belongs to ring-porous wood.The secondary xylem mainly is mainly consisted of pitted vessel,that his solitary pore,radial multiple pore and pore-chain.The end wall of vessel is sloped and has simple perforation. There are plenty of wood parenchyma in the secondary xylem,most of them are apotracheal parenchyma, belong to the banded parenchyma;less of them are paratracheal parenchyma,belong to the diffuse-aggregate parenchyma;The wood rays are heterogeneousⅠandⅡ.The multiseriate rays are 2～3 cells wide have nodular thickening evidently.There is not companion cell in the secondary phloem of root.The periderm comes from cortex parenchyma cells.The phellogen is distributed in strip and the bark comes into being vertical ditch deeply.There are crystalloids cluster in the phloem parenchyma cell and the periderm..The average diameter of vessel in the root is bigger than that of stem,and the number in unit area is less, xylem fiber is shorter and less.There is more spiral thickening in the vessel wall of the secondary xylem.4.The leaf of Sambucus sieboldiana is dorsi-ventral type.The cuticle is thicker.There are stomata on both sides of upper epidermis and lower epidermis of leaf.The stomata belongs to paracytic type,The stomata index is 0.167 and the stomata number is 378/mm~2.The ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue is 1.38:1. There are crystalloid clusters in the mesophyll and the parenchyma cell of leafstalk and of vein.The leafstalk is nine-leaf-trace.5.Sambucus sieboldiana is dichlamydeous flower.The calyx is small,5 tooth-like split,was born in the end part of corolla,and it also exists until fruit stage.The corolla is adelphia,its shape is radial.It belong to self-pollination.The style is solid type,The wet stigma is comb-like and the superficial is coarseness.The pistil is syncarpous,the placentation is axile type and there are 3 chambers in the inferior ovary.There are 3 anatropous ovules in the chambers.The ektexine of ovary wall has cuticle.The embryo-sac belongs to polygonum type.A lot of crystalloids cluster in the parenchyma cell of flower.6.The fruit is inferior ovary berry-like drupe.Many crystalloids cluster in the parenchyma cell of fruit. There are stone cells in the fruit.There are 3 seeds in it.The seed belongs to the Dicotyledon albuminous seed, atropous embryo,the seed skin is much thicker.There are also crystalloids clustered in the endotesta.7.It was shown that there are lots of crystalloids clustered in the parenchyma cell of contex of primary structure in root,the parenchyma cell of primary phloem and of pith of stem,the phloem parenchyma cell in the secondary structure and the peridermis,mesophyll and the parenchyma cell of leafstalk and vein,the parenchyma cell of flower,endotesta etc.The existence of crystalloids can enhance the ability of anti-drought, anti-cold and anti-pest,it also can act as support in the structure of plant.The relation between the plant and its environment is unity.On the long-term affection of environment, the plant's structure,physiological function and ecological characteristic must be conformed with its change. The anatomical structure was shown that it is mesophyte,and it could bear drought,cold,pest and negative press strongly.The structure characteristics and sowing seeds experiments were also shown that the best reproductive way is separating plant and cuttage.