The Study On Anatomical Structures Of Jatropha Curcas And Their Relationships To Envionment

This dissertation studies anatomical structures of Jatropha curcas and theirrelationships to entiroment totally and systematically. Through exterior formobservation , barehanded chipping ,wax section and etc, the vegetative organs (root,stem and leaf) of Jatropha curcas and its reproductive organs (flower, fruit and seed)were investigated carefully by the technology of optical microscope. Under the supportof above-mentioned experiment means and observation technology, by use of varianceanalysis, multiple comparision and correlation analysis, the relations of Jatropha curcasorgans (stem, leaf and fruit) anatomical structure along elevation gradient in Napocounty and entiorment and the relations of Jatropha curcas organs (stem, leaf and fruit)anatomical structure in four distributions in Guangxi and entiorment were respectivelycontrastively analyzed. There are a few of conclusions as follows:1. The primary structure of Jatropha curcas root consists of epidermis, cortex andvascular cylinder. The root is named as diarch. The second growth of root is huge. Thereexist cuboid single crystles in advanced secondary xylem. The primary structure of stemconsists of epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder too. Chloroplasts, amylums andproteins exist in cortex. Druses exist in cortex and marrow. There are abundant differentsize latex cannulations in cortex and primary phloem. Fibres in epidermis are veryadvanced. Featheredge cells of wood radial of advanced secondary xylem have abundant amylums. The leaves of Jatropha curcas are composed of epidermis,mesophyll and veins. The type of leaf is dorsiventral leaf. Mesophy has few singlecrystles and druses. Laex cannulations exist in spongy tissue and veins.2. Jatropha curcas female flower topmostly grow in the center of inforescence or thecrotch of dichasium. There are five huge nectaries inside petales of male flowers orfemale flower. Ovarywall are composed of outside epidermis, inside epidermis,featheredge tissue and vascular bundles. Outiside and inside epidermises are only layerwith keratinized. Many latex cannulations, proteins and fat oils exist in featherdgetissue .Side bundles of vascular bundles distribute in center axis of ovary. There havefew and large latex cannulations in center axis of ovary. Jatropha curcas fruit is capule.Jatropha curcas pericarp consists of epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. Epicarp cells havethick lignified cell wells. There have many vascular bundles and latex cannulations inmesocarp. Endocarp is composed of double-type stone cells. Mature seeds are developedfrom ovules of double integuments and thick nucellus. Jatropha curcas stiff blackepisperm consists of palisade tissue layer, parenchyma, pillar stone cell layer andfiliform sclereid layer. Many lenticels exist on the surface of episperm. Crystles inparenchyma are mostly single crystles and raphides. Huge coloring matters deposit inthe outmost and benmost layers of episperm.3. Changes in stem diameter, periderm thickness toward stem, phloem thicknesstoward stem and xylem thickness toward stem of Jatropha curcas old stem alongelevation gradient in Napo county were as follws :altitude 340m＞aititue478m＞altitude903m＞altitude603m; change in marrow diameter of Jatropha curcas old stemwas adverse. Changes in old stem anatomical structure were mainly influenced by soilPH and available K of soil. With decreasing elevation, leaf thickness,palisade tissuethickness and spongy thickness which differences were significant of Jatropha curcasleaf anatomical structure were decreased. Changes in upper epidermis cell density, lowerepidermis cell density and lower epidermis stomatal apparatus density which differenceswere significant of leaf epidermis structure along elevation gradinet were as follows:altitude 340m＞altitue478m＞altitude903m＞altitude603; lower epidermis stomatalapparatus width was adverse.Leaf anatomical structures along elevation gradient were mainly by altitude. Leaf epidermis structures in altitude levels were mainly soil PH andsoil available K. Fruit anatomical structures along elevation gradient have relation withstem structure and leaf structure.4. Changes in stem diameter, periderm thickness toward stem, and marrowdiameter of Jatropha curcas young stem which differences were significant in fourdistributions in the west part of Guangxi were as follws: Debao＞Tianlin＞Pingxiang＞Youjiang. Changes in young stem anatomical structure were mainly influenced by annualaverage temperature. Changes in leaf thickness, palisade thickness thickness and spongytissue thickness which differences were significant of Jatropha curcas leaf anatomicalstructure in four distributions were as follows: Debao＞Pingxiang＞Tianlin＞Youjiang.Changes in leaf epidermis structures had similar to young stem in four distributions.Leaf anatomical structure were mainly influenced by climate. Leaf epidermis structureswere mainly affected by annual average temperature and soil PH. Changes in fruitanatomical structure parameters in four distributions have different. Fruit anatomicalstructures were mainly affected by annual average temperature and soil PH.