The Study On Avifauna And Ecological Distribution In Baiyinkulun Nature Reserve

The Baiyinkulun Nature Reserve is situated at the Baiyinkulun pastureland, 80km south of Xilinhaote City in Xilin gol League, contiguous areas between Xilin gol Grassland and Hunshandake Sandy Land. It is a regional-level nature reserve that mainly protects a wetland ecosystem, and rare birds such as Relict Gull (Laurs relictus) and gruidae, which perch, dwell and breed in this area.The survey and research have been conducted concerning the avifauna, and ecological distribution in Baiyinkulun Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia during 2005 to 2007.The main results are as follows:153 bird species were recorded totally in this surve, which belong to 38 families, 18 orders. Expect for Passeriformes, Charadriiformes, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Lariformes are classified as dominant orders, with the species number of 34, 22, 14 and 9, respectively. Besides, there exist 4 species in Gruiformes, 4 species in Ciconiforms, 3 species in Columbiformes, 3 species in Strigiformes, 2 species in Piciformes, and one species of Podicipediformes, Pelecaniformes, Galliformes, Lariformes, Cuculiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes, Upupiformes, respectively. There are 50 species in Passeriformes.153 kinds of recorded birds are composed of 22 species residents, 91 species summer visitors, and 40 species migrants. Among 113 kinds of breeding birds (summer visitors and residents), 101 kinds of Palaearctic birds, which account for 89.4% of all breeders. They are composed of 71 species North type(57 species the Palaearctic elements and 14 species North-China type),15 species Northeast type, 2 species Northeast-North China type, 12 species Central-Asian type and one species Highland type. Only 10 species Oriental type belong to oriental region birds, which account for 8.85% of all breeders.Obviously, the elements of Palaeoarctic realm are dominant in this avifauna and characterized by mutual permeation of distribution of Mongo-xinjiang and Northeast region.27 species of national protected animals consists of 4 species of first-class of National Protected birds, such as Black Stork(Ciconia nigra), Relict Gull (Larus relictus), and 23 species were second- class of National Protected birds, such as White Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia), Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus), Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus).12 species were put on record in The China Species Red List, such as Nordmann's Greenshank(Tringa guttifer), Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides), White-naped Crane(Grus vipio), Far Eastern Curlew (Numenius madagascariensis), Asian Dowitcher (Limnodromus semipalmatus).The diverse ecology type has been formed as a result of the special landform types and complicated natural geographical conditions. Based on the terrains and the type of vegetation, the birds habitants are classified as wetland, sandy land, grassland and settlements.The interlock distribute in these habitats provides a more advantageous conditions for the birds' forage, habitat and breeding.The results show that the number of bird species is 91 in the wetland, the most concentrated area in birds' distribution of all the habitats, and it was followed by residential areas,grasslands, sand.Based on the survey and research, I analyze the status of birds and their habitants in Nature Reserve, and put forward some protection management countermeasures and suggestions accordingly concerning better protection of the rare bird resources in Nature Reserve in the future.