Study On The Resources And Sustainability Of Wet Plants In The North Sea Wetland Of Tengchong

Wetlands are overlapping areas of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.Wetland ecosystem,with ocean ecosystem and forest ecosystem,is one of the three major ecosystems in the world.The study area called Beihai wetland in Tengchong is one of the first national key wetlands in 1994.There is a kind of unique wetland ecological types in southwestern China,floating Carex swamp wetland,which is a representative of wetland ecosystems and has an important value of scientific research in China and world.As a changing,complex social-ecological system(SESs),Beihai wetland is adaptable and uncertain.The sustainability of Beihai wetland SES depends on the coordination between local resource users and developers.This is a complex multi-dimensional structure of the relationship,so that it cannot simply through the engineering thinking to explain and change.In this paper,the wetland plant resources and sustainable management in Beihai wetland were studied by means of literature survey,Participatory rural appraisal,key informant interviews,field study and specimen identification.The results are as follows:1.The status and changes of wetland plant resources in Beihai wetland.survey There are 44 families 73 genera 89 species(including variants)in the wetland during the field study(July-August 2015 to July-August 2016).Cyperaceae and Gramineae are the dominant species in the wetland.The vegetation can be classified into 4 formations 33 associations.Compared with the results of Appendix of the Master Plan for the Beihai Wetland Provincial Nature Reserve in 2008,36 species were found in the new survey,which 70 species had disappeared.It shows that the wetland plant species in Beihai wetland has undergone great changes.2.Changes in wetland health status.According to the PRA of the local community,the wetland health level has been declining for 20 years,and the wetland ecosystem has been threatened or even destroyed.The main judgment basis were as follows:(1)the height and the number of Iris laevigata decreased;(2)Scirpus validus Vahl was over-spread;(3)some pieces of small "floating blankets" were linked together;(4)Invasive alien species,such as Eupatorium adenophorum,have appeared.The conclusion was supported by our field study data.But it still needs a long-term observation to find out more powerful proof in the changes of Iris laevigata and Scirpus validus Vahl.3.The influence of human activities on Beihai wetland ecosystem.The study shows that the traditional ecological activities and economic activities in the agriculture-forestry-animal husbandry-fishery SES have positive influence to the ecosystem.When it turned into the "nature reserve + park" SES,the ecological protection targets,which is to reduce human activities disturbance and expand water area of wetland,has come true in a short time.However,the Beihai wetland SES is a complex,adaptive and unpredictability system with the relationship between man and nature.Due to the historical limitations,some passive protective measures(such as the dam,isolating traditional use from wetland)may bring destructive effects.In this paper,the wetland plant resources and traditional resource-use pattern of local community were investigated to explore the role and significance of resource use and management to the protection of wetland resources.Moreover,through the social-ecological systems and resilience theory,the study tries to understand the Beihai wetland SES,and provide scientific data support for sustainability,biodiversity and other related aspects of local SES,and adaptive governance as well.