Analysis Of Organism's Reciprocal Altruistic Behavior By Game Theory And Study Of Its Social Implications

Reciprocal altruistic behavior exists not only among organisms but also in the society, but it has been hard to explain the altruistic behavior of organisms to the classical natural selection theory. According to the reciprocity theory, the reciprocal altruistic behavior refers to the behavior of two organisms which exchange fitness costs and benefits. An organism helps another organism in order to reap the comparatively greater benefits of receiving help at a late time. It is a kind of so-called altruistic behaviors, which are built between two nonrelated individuals by reducing current fitness to get greater fitness in future in return. The altruistic behavior, which is based on rewards, must bear four essential features. They are individually necessary conditions and jointly sufficient.In the light of the game theory, the key to success for an individual when confronting a partial conflict of interest is to adopt cooperation rather than defection strategy. Among all strategies, if the future is important enough, there will be no "optimal strategy" independent on emulant's adopted strategies. In order to compare the strategies, Axelrod has organized two computer contests. The study indicates that in the concrete bouts of all strategies, individual's reward-based cooperation distinguishes itself by its incomparable advantages. The reward-based cooperation is a robustness strategy and it is also an evolutionary stable strategy. As a living strategy, it can thrive in various environments, and once been built thoroughly, it can resist other strategies. Under some conditions, altruistic individuals are more apt to evolve than those egoistical individuals. As a matter of fact, individuals' altruism is actually for better egoism, that is phenotype altruism and genotype egoism. Therefore, there is selfish motive hiding behind reciprocal altruistic behavior.In allusion to simultaneous cooperation and nonsimultaneous cooperation,Prisoner's Dilemma, modified Prisoner's Dilemma and Cook's Dilemma game models reveal the relations between organisms' cooperation, altruism and evolution. Accordingly, this paper further analyzes the political and economic implications of reciprocal altruism theory. As for payoff of an enterprise and international cooperation, the theory provides us with strong explanatory facility and significant implications. At last this paper points out that the reciprocal altruism's explanation of human social behavior from the biological angle is of feasibility and localization.