Landscape Patterns Analysis On Karst Mountains In Chongqing Based On GIS

The excess utilization for human on land result in a series of evil consequence, for example, the increase of soil and water loss, the degradation of eco-environment, the decrease of bio-diversity severely and the decline of land productivity. At the same time, the environment degradation has been the restrict factor of economic development. And what is more severe and making people anxious is this influence has had global characteristics, and correspondingly global changes make people fall into ecological mess. It is important for human how to protect existing natural ecosystem and rehabilitate degraded ecosystem synthetically and reconstruct sustainable man-made ecosystem.As most eminent degraded ecosystem type in China and even in the earth, the karst ecosystem has degraded most evident and has the most abroad influence. The disaster of drought and waterlog is severely and frequently, the water and soil loss and rock desertification is increasing, the subsidence is happened at some ground, the bio-diversity decrease, the vegetation and soil evolve conversely, the productivity declines, the people lives in difficulty, and the most phenomenon and types of ecological problem are concentrated in karst area. To strengthen studies on karst ecological characteristics and degradation types can provide gist for ecological rehabilitation and reconstruction in karst area, but also can provide means for reference for other ecology area.In all research ways and means of modern ecology, landscape ecology is a newly intercross discipline to study interaction between spatial pattern and ecological processes, it is a new offset of macro ecological researches. Landscape ecology regard climate, physiognomy, rock and soil, vegetation and hydrology as 5 elements making up of landscape, and take this inter landscape making up of these 5 factors as research object, to find various natural factors and human activities influence on the formation, distribution and change of landscape patterns by the analyzing the distribution and formation and change. The development of landscape ecology is rapid and its application is more and more these years, this characteristics embody mostly as follows: 1 provide landscape spatial pattern indexes for character analyses of landscape elements; 2 construct landscape pattern analyses models for landscape integer analyses; 3 construct simulation model of landscape dynamic change. Landscape ecology embodies progress trends of ecological research in present ages from microcosmic to macro, from determining the nature to determine quantitatively and from the application of linear methods to nonlinear methods. But the sampling data of landscape ecology is quite gigantic, the construction of landscape spatial pattern indexes and analyses model and simulation model need a great number calculation. Therefore this paper researches landscape patterns of Chongqing karst area based on GIS method's technic character and mighty operation in order to construct a relative intact landscape pattern model to provide gist for the ecological rehabilitation and reconstruct of Chongqing karst area.The bareness area of carbonate rock of southwest China is 41.05+1004km2, it is the biggest karst continuum strip. The bareness carbonatite rock in Chongqing is about 3.91 X 104km2, makes up of 50% of the overall land, and distributes mostly at northeast (include Three Gorges reservoir area) and southeast counties of Chongqing. This paper adopts the land use state in2000a(l: 3+104), the soil chart (1:6+104)and hectometer contour reliefmap(include Three Chongqing area) of Chongqing and geology map(l: 6+104) of Sichuan province as basic analytical data, measure landscape patches into 7 types including cultivated land, orchard, forestland, unused land, grassland, resident and industry land, water bodies according to land use state basing on land use types, make the landscape map of Chongqing karst area by GIS software. In the end, this paper analyzes landscape patterns by adopting landscape pattern indexes methods which...