The Analysis Of Landacape Dynamics And Pattern Characteristic In The Metropolitan Region Of Chongqing City

Urbanization has profoundly transformed natural landscapes throughout the world. With accelerating urbanization in china, the ecological environment in cities confronted huge challenge, city landscapes were play more and more attention. Chongqing was one of center cities in economic, civilization and communication in mid-higher Yangtze River. After 1997, the economic of Chongqing developed rapidly and the appearance of city was never-ending changes and improvement. The landscape of Chongqing, especially in the metropolitan region has changed greatly. "Landscape garden city "was the target of planning of Chongqing, Greenland landscape was not only the method to solve the problem in environment, but also the object of construction.The metropolitan region of Chongqing was the study area. Land use images in 1995 and 2002 have been reclassified by GIS software. The building landscape, non-building landscape and Greenland landscape have been cut from the land use images respectively. Firstly, For analysting the effect of urbanization on landscape pattern, the dynamics of the building landscape, non-building landscape, landscape of metropolitan region and Greenland landscape have been quantified between 1995 and 2002. Secondly, patterns of building landscape, non-building landscape, the metropolitan region and Greenland landscape have been measured under multi-grain to understand the scale effect in every landscape. Third, the heterogeneity of the landscape of metropolitan region has been researched under multi-extent by "moving window". Finally, several connectivity indices have been used to measure the connectivity of Greenland landscape. All indices were compared, and two indices were selected to compute the important value of patches in Greenland landscape, for finding the key patches. The results and conclusion as below:(1)Non-building landscape had hardly any change, while building landscape changed greatly. Building landscape grew simpler, even and compact. The landscape of metropolitan region had little change, which was significantly influenced by building landscape. Because area of building landscape was lower proportion in metropolitan region, the influence was not obvious. Greenland landscape had hardly any change too. Compared to the development of building landscape, the development of Greenland landscape has fallen behind, so it needs more attention.(2)The scale effect of building landscape, non-building landscape, landscape of metropolitan region and Greenland landscape were not identical. The non-building landscape and the landscape of metropolitan region had the same scale effect. There were greatly differences between Greenland landscape and the other three landscapes. The building landscape, non-building landscape and landscape of metropolitan region have been not affected when grain was less than 120m. Greenland landscape varied intensely when grain was 240m.(3)The extent had effect on the appearance of heterogeneity of landscape pattern of metropolitan region. As increasing in extent, the max of Patch density, Fractal Dimension Index, Shannon's Diversity Index decreased, the minimum value of Contagion Index increased. Patch density had more influenced than other indexes. The shape of the highest values of all indexes grew large, from point to surface. Under small extent 1km, the figures of spatial heterogeneity of indexes respectively displayed areas which Patch density was highest, Shannon's Diversity Index was highest, Contagion Index was lowest, Fractal Dimension Index was highest. Under extent 4km, the figures of spatial heterogeneity of indexes can show the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape of metropolitan area of Chongqing.(4)Under small extent, the max of PD distributed in the southern of Jiulongpo and northeastern of Beibei. Under big extent, the max of PD distributed in Shapinba and southeastern of Banan. The max of FRAC disturbed in northwestern of Banan, southern of Jiulongpo and northern of YUbei, where was not regular and most complex. The max of CONTAG disturbed in Banan and Yubei, where type of land use was agriculture land. The max of SHDI disturbed in shore of Jialing river and Yangtze river, where type of land use included building landscape, water, Greenland, agriculture land.(5)Eleven connectivity indices have been compared. COHESION,CONNECT,IIC,PC can display precisely the connectivity of Greenland landscape. The values of the four indices showed that the connectivity of Greenland landscape is not very good. Among the four indices, IIC,PC were the new connectivity indices for overcoming defects of other indices. They had been proved by researches.(6)The results showed, the Greenland landscape was consisted of few large patches and many little patches. The huge patches separated to each other while little patches scattered everywhere. The construction of Greenland landscape was related to the connectivity. The important values of huge patches for connectivity of Greenland landscape was more than others types of patches. It was the first object that must be considered in planning. The important of little patches can not be ignored.(7)The most important patches were exhibited with figure in paper. These patches lied in mountains in metropolitan region and provided various well ecosystem services. As above, the better way, which to increase the Greenland value in urban ecological and environment management is to increase the connectivity of patches, both small and huge patches when planning Greenland landscape in metropolitan region of Chongqing city.